作者:未知 來源:咖啡豆: 咖啡館經營 > 點評 > 2025-04-23 02:05:35
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“哇,好神奇啊~”
一杯有着精美拉花的咖啡,很容易賺得消費者類似的驚歎。
於是,苦練拉花技術幾乎成爲每個咖啡師的基本技能。
你是否想過,拉花對一杯咖啡的意義在哪裏呢?顏值?口味?亦或其他?今天我們來討論一下這個話題——
”
先來統計一下吧,你覺得咖啡上的拉花是一定有必要有的嗎?
1
味道對比測試:
加了拉花的咖啡,味道未必更好
簡單來說,拿鐵或卡布奇諾這些牛奶咖啡,其實是意式濃縮咖啡和用蒸汽打熱的牛奶混合而成的飲料,但這兩種成分的混合方式卻是能夠對顧客的風味感官產生影響的。
精品咖啡界有名的咖啡師Matt Perger 曾經在 2015 年 5 月做過一個這樣的實驗——
首先,他準備了兩杯一模一樣,咖啡和牛奶比例相同,並且都有拉花圖案的卡布奇諾。
接着,他把其中一杯攪拌後(當然拉花圖案也被破壞了),爲自己帶上眼罩,進行盲測。
結果如何?
他發現,如果你想要的是一杯在風味上非常平衡順和的奶咖,那拉花可能不是你想要的東西。
一個標準美麗的拉花設計,必須在杯邊有一圈深棕色的咖啡油脂,來突出白色的奶泡圖案。這圈油脂,視覺上很漂亮,但其實味道非常濃烈,一般都比較苦,所以喝奶咖時第一口往往會覺得有點尖銳。
▲對拉花有幫助的油脂,卻會影響咖啡口感
相反,一杯攪勻後的奶咖,味道濃郁而不會過分刺激,純粹在味道上來說,是比較優勝的。
於是,咖啡大師 Scott Rao 曾提出一個既能讓咖啡師表現拉花功力,又不會犧牲咖啡味道的方法——
首先,把比較厚重的奶泡倒進意式濃縮咖啡,搖拌均勻,把油脂的苦澀減弱,然後像平常的做法一樣把拉花完成。這樣就能避免第一口有太強的苦味,而視覺上也會有更好的效果。
2
多重感官體驗:好看,纔會更好喝
當你喝咖啡的時候,其實在同一時間體驗着味道、氣味和口感。一般人認爲風味就是由這3方面形成的,但其實風味可能有更多其他因素影響。
歐洲精品咖啡協會感官課程的作者Ida Steen在一次訪談中提過,不少人覺得風味是一個包含視覺和聽覺的多重感官體驗。
同樣地,生物化學家 Olivia Auell 在一個精品咖啡研討會後也曾總結過,喝咖啡時如果播放緩慢憂傷的音樂,測試者對苦澀的味道會比較敏感,而輕快的音樂則會更突出甜度。
▲感官上的美感,對口感也會有很大影響
另外,牛津大學在 2014 年進行的一個實驗,也證明了測試者對色拉美味程度的預判,會因爲色拉的擺盤排列是否像名畫而有所改變。
總的來說,所謂的色香味俱全,就是有很多因素可以影響一杯咖啡的風味,最重要當然是咖啡本身的味道,但也包括你周遭的環境,例如旁人的香水或附近一些食物的香氣,當時在播放的音樂,甚至杯中拉花的設計。
3
提高感知價值:拉花背後的意義
提供美食的地方,例如米其林餐廳,都很注重食物的擺盤和出品在視覺上的設計。
一盤精緻的菜式,除了賞心悅目,讓食客覺得美食當前外,更帶出了一個重要的訊息:廚師以及準備食材的人員,都非常重視他們的出品,並傾盡全力地把每個細節都照顧周到,提供最佳的菜式給客人享用。
▲一杯精美的拉花能讓顧客感知到“用心”
美麗的拉花圖案,代表了背後無數小時的練習,以及無比的心思和工夫,爲的是將最美好的咖啡體驗,無論是味道上還是視覺上,都呈現給客人。具有吸引力的外觀,也提升了該杯咖啡在客人心中的感知價值。
當然,單單一個美麗的拉花並不足夠,必須要配合生豆處理、咖啡烘焙、和衝煮過程最大程度的努力,才稱得上完美的精品咖啡。
4
拉花自帶顏值,便於營銷
類似Instagram的社交媒體,已經是商家進行品牌營銷不可或缺的工具之一,也是很多咖啡愛好者網上生活的一部分。
對於商家而言,在社交媒體上的每一個贊,每一個分享,都能成爲其有效吸引新客戶的重要工具,達宣傳之效。
▲人人喜歡曬圖分享,拉花是一個很好的宣傳途徑
所以,如果你作爲店家,爲了想大家全心全意去品嚐你咖啡的風味和口感,而完全忽略拉花的重要性,甚至規定店內的出品不可以有拉花,結果可能就是隻有你家人和好友會追蹤你的社交媒體。
但如今也有一個不太好的情況是,咖啡師用10分鐘去刻畫10只小熊小貓小鳥的拉花圖案後才把奶咖送到顧客面前,顧客再360°環回拍照,最後喝的時候,不但飲品溫度過低,而原本混合在咖啡內的綿密奶泡已浮到表面,令應該順滑的口感變得粗糙。
5
體驗和口感,應當有一個平衡
拉花有一種令人沮喪的情況是:咖啡師可能只重視拉花的視覺效果而忽略奶泡的質感。
例如你點了熱卡布,咖啡師遞上一杯有天鵝有愛心有幸運草拉花圖案的奶咖,但就在你充滿期待喝下了第一口時發現,奶泡只有0.1毫米的厚度,口感完全錯了,甚至比不上一杯加了溫牛奶的法壓咖啡。
▲再好的體驗也拯救不了差口感帶來的壞印象
卡布奇諾應該有綿密豐盈的微奶泡,與熱奶和意式咖啡完美融合,當你一口喝下時,會有一種獨特的感官體驗,能同時享受濃郁細膩的甜和棉花糖般的纏綿口感。
如果爲了一個基本上喝了一口後就會被破壞的圖案,而犧牲掉影響整杯奶咖質量的口感,那是非常可惜的一件事。
所以,視覺和口感之間,應該掌握好一個平衡點。
6
拉花藝術與商業經營的衝突
有一個問題是,如果咖啡拉花可以省略,那爲什麼還要有拉花大賽呢?
對於參賽者和整個比賽而言,他們所追求和展現的技術和工藝,就是拉花,咖啡的角色只不過是一個讓他們表演的平臺或媒介而已。
所以你跟他們談咖啡是否好喝,有沒有過度萃取,口感如何等等,都是沒有意義的。甚至對於評委來講,他們也只會針對視覺上的項目,例如創意度、執行、一致性、對比等等,去打分。
▲顯然,拉花藝術和商業經營是有衝突的
這些有時候會用上食品級顏料的拉花圖案,毋庸置疑觀賞性都非常高,但在製作上卻需時很長,試想作爲客人,你會願意等半個小時,就爲了一杯漂亮但已涼掉的奶咖嗎?
這種爲藝術拉花的理念,與咖啡商業化經營的理念其實是相違背的。當然在比賽場上,或在搞活動做培訓時,這是可以的,但對於一家繁忙的咖啡店來說,就有點不切實際了。
所以究竟拉花的作用,是可以爲一杯咖啡增值,還是多此一舉呢?
不管你的觀點如何,有一個重點我覺得必須銘記:差的咖啡,不會因好的拉花設計而變得可口,但差的拉花,會因爲美味的咖啡而變得無關痛癢。
所以,對於咖啡要不要拉花這件事,你怎麼看呢?留言討論一下?
如何製作咖啡拉花?
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2017-09-07 13:10:38 責任編輯:未知
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title | '重點討論:咖啡拉花真的那麼重要嗎?如何製作咖啡拉花?' |
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content | '<p> <span style="font-size:16px;"><img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/170907/3-1FZG30H3142.gif" style="width: 427px; height: 240px;" /></span><br /> <span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微軟雅黑, 黑體, Arial; font-size: 14px;">專業咖啡師交流 請關注咖啡工房(微信公衆號cafe_style )</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;">“哇,好神奇啊~”</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">一杯有着精美拉花的咖啡,很容易賺得消費者類似的驚歎。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">於是,苦練拉花技術幾乎成爲每個咖啡師的基本技能。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">你是否想過,拉花對一杯咖啡的意義在哪裏呢?顏值?口味?亦或其他?今天我們來討論一下這個話題——</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">”</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">先來統計一下吧,你覺得咖啡上的拉花是一定有必要有的嗎?</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">1</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">味道對比測試:</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">加了拉花的咖啡,味道未必更好</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">簡單來說,拿鐵或卡布奇諾這些牛奶咖啡,其實是意式濃縮咖啡和用蒸汽打熱的牛奶混合而成的飲料,但這兩種成分的混合方式卻是能夠對顧客的風味感官產生影響的。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">精品咖啡界有名的咖啡師Matt Perger 曾經在 2015 年 5 月做過一個這樣的實驗——</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">首先,他準備了兩杯一模一樣,咖啡和牛奶比例相同,並且都有拉花圖案的卡布奇諾。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">接着,他把其中一杯攪拌後(當然拉花圖案也被破壞了),爲自己帶上眼罩,進行盲測。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">結果如何?</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">他發現,如果你想要的是一杯在風味上非常平衡順和的奶咖,那拉花可能不是你想要的東西。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">一個標準美麗的拉花設計,必須在杯邊有一圈深棕色的咖啡油脂,來突出白色的奶泡圖案。這圈油脂,視覺上很漂亮,但其實味道非常濃烈,一般都比較苦,所以喝奶咖時第一口往往會覺得有點尖銳。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;"><img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/170907/3-1FZG30Q5L4.jpg" style="width: 418px; height: 388px;" /></span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">▲對拉花有幫助的油脂,卻會影響咖啡口感</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">相反,一杯攪勻後的奶咖,味道濃郁而不會過分刺激,純粹在味道上來說,是比較優勝的。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">於是,咖啡大師 Scott Rao 曾提出一個既能讓咖啡師表現拉花功力,又不會犧牲咖啡味道的方法——</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">首先,把比較厚重的奶泡倒進意式濃縮咖啡,搖拌均勻,把油脂的苦澀減弱,然後像平常的做法一樣把拉花完成。這樣就能避免第一口有太強的苦味,而視覺上也會有更好的效果。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">2</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">多重感官體驗:好看,纔會更好喝</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">當你喝咖啡的時候,其實在同一時間體驗着味道、氣味和口感。一般人認爲風味就是由這3方面形成的,但其實風味可能有更多其他因素影響。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">歐洲精品咖啡協會感官課程的作者Ida Steen在一次訪談中提過,不少人覺得風味是一個包含視覺和聽覺的多重感官體驗。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">同樣地,生物化學家 Olivia Auell 在一個精品咖啡研討會後也曾總結過,喝咖啡時如果播放緩慢憂傷的音樂,測試者對苦澀的味道會比較敏感,而輕快的音樂則會更突出甜度。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;"><img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/170907/3-1FZG30R9450.jpg" style="width: 425px; height: 242px;" /></span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">▲感官上的美感,對口感也會有很大影響</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">另外,牛津大學在 2014 年進行的一個實驗,也證明了測試者對色拉美味程度的預判,會因爲色拉的擺盤排列是否像名畫而有所改變。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">總的來說,所謂的色香味俱全,就是有很多因素可以影響一杯咖啡的風味,最重要當然是咖啡本身的味道,但也包括你周遭的環境,例如旁人的香水或附近一些食物的香氣,當時在播放的音樂,甚至杯中拉花的設計。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">3</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">提高感知價值:拉花背後的意義</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">提供美食的地方,例如米其林餐廳,都很注重食物的擺盤和出品在視覺上的設計。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">一盤精緻的菜式,除了賞心悅目,讓食客覺得美食當前外,更帶出了一個重要的訊息:廚師以及準備食材的人員,都非常重視他們的出品,並傾盡全力地把每個細節都照顧周到,提供最佳的菜式給客人享用。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;"><img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/170907/3-1FZG30921U0.jpg" style="width: 600px; height: 600px;" /></span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">▲一杯精美的拉花能讓顧客感知到“用心”</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">美麗的拉花圖案,代表了背後無數小時的練習,以及無比的心思和工夫,爲的是將最美好的咖啡體驗,無論是味道上還是視覺上,都呈現給客人。具有吸引力的外觀,也提升了該杯咖啡在客人心中的感知價值。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">當然,單單一個美麗的拉花並不足夠,必須要配合生豆處理、咖啡烘焙、和衝煮過程最大程度的努力,才稱得上完美的精品咖啡。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">4</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">拉花自帶顏值,便於營銷</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">類似Instagram的社交媒體,已經是商家進行品牌營銷不可或缺的工具之一,也是很多咖啡愛好者網上生活的一部分。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">對於商家而言,在社交媒體上的每一個贊,每一個分享,都能成爲其有效吸引新客戶的重要工具,達宣傳之效。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;"><img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/170907/3-1FZG30940Z4.jpg" style="width: 640px; height: 640px;" /></span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">▲人人喜歡曬圖分享,拉花是一個很好的宣傳途徑</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">所以,如果你作爲店家,爲了想大家全心全意去品嚐你咖啡的風味和口感,而完全忽略拉花的重要性,甚至規定店內的出品不可以有拉花,結果可能就是隻有你家人和好友會追蹤你的社交媒體。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">但如今也有一個不太好的情況是,咖啡師用10分鐘去刻畫10只小熊小貓小鳥的拉花圖案後才把奶咖送到顧客面前,顧客再360°環回拍照,最後喝的時候,不但飲品溫度過低,而原本混合在咖啡內的綿密奶泡已浮到表面,令應該順滑的口感變得粗糙。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">5</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">體驗和口感,應當有一個平衡</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">拉花有一種令人沮喪的情況是:咖啡師可能只重視拉花的視覺效果而忽略奶泡的質感。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">例如你點了熱卡布,咖啡師遞上一杯有天鵝有愛心有幸運草拉花圖案的奶咖,但就在你充滿期待喝下了第一口時發現,奶泡只有0.1毫米的厚度,口感完全錯了,甚至比不上一杯加了溫牛奶的法壓咖啡。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;"><img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/170907/3-1FZG3095C37.gif" style="width: 500px; height: 308px;" /></span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">▲再好的體驗也拯救不了差口感帶來的壞印象</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">卡布奇諾應該有綿密豐盈的微奶泡,與熱奶和意式咖啡完美融合,當你一口喝下時,會有一種獨特的感官體驗,能同時享受濃郁細膩的甜和棉花糖般的纏綿口感。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">如果爲了一個基本上喝了一口後就會被破壞的圖案,而犧牲掉影響整杯奶咖質量的口感,那是非常可惜的一件事。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">所以,視覺和口感之間,應該掌握好一個平衡點。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">6</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">拉花藝術與商業經營的衝突</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">有一個問題是,如果咖啡拉花可以省略,那爲什麼還要有拉花大賽呢?</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">對於參賽者和整個比賽而言,他們所追求和展現的技術和工藝,就是拉花,咖啡的角色只不過是一個讓他們表演的平臺或媒介而已。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">所以你跟他們談咖啡是否好喝,有沒有過度萃取,口感如何等等,都是沒有意義的。甚至對於評委來講,他們也只會針對視覺上的項目,例如創意度、執行、一致性、對比等等,去打分。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;"><img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/170907/3-1FZG31004A9.jpg" style="width: 580px; height: 368px;" /></span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">▲顯然,拉花藝術和商業經營是有衝突的</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">這些有時候會用上食品級顏料的拉花圖案,毋庸置疑觀賞性都非常高,但在製作上卻需時很長,試想作爲客人,你會願意等半個小時,就爲了一杯漂亮但已涼掉的奶咖嗎?</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">這種爲藝術拉花的理念,與咖啡商業化經營的理念其實是相違背的。當然在比賽場上,或在搞活動做培訓時,這是可以的,但對於一家繁忙的咖啡店來說,就有點不切實際了。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">所以究竟拉花的作用,是可以爲一杯咖啡增值,還是多此一舉呢?</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">不管你的觀點如何,有一個重點我覺得必須銘記:差的咖啡,不會因好的拉花設計而變得可口,但差的拉花,會因爲美味的咖啡而變得無關痛癢。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;">所以,對於咖啡要不要拉花這件事,你怎麼看呢?留言討論一下?<br /> <br /> <img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/180714/3-1PG4104414Q1.jpg" style="width: 800px; height: 271px;" /><br /> <br /> <strong>如何製作咖啡拉花?</strong></span></p> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">全世界人人都學咖啡拉花,它的原理是把用蒸氣打出的牛奶氣泡,倒進濃縮咖啡 Espresso 中,形成不同的圖案。而拉花手法主要分爲兩種:</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">1. 直接倒入法(Free Pour)</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">控制奶壺,透過不同的晃動幅度、速度及奶壺高低,把奶泡倒入咖啡中,徒手拉出不同的圖案,講求熟練技巧。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">2. 雕花(Etching)</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">將奶泡慢慢倒進咖啡,拉出基本構圖,利用花針或牙籤雕畫出各種圖案,技術難度低,但就講求創意。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">用花針在咖啡上繪畫。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">人人學習完美拉花前,首先要預備所需的材料及器具,而你必須準備:</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">1. 咖啡豆、磨豆機、咖啡機:</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">製作咖啡拉花,奶泡及 Espresso當然是主角,因此必須使用磨豆機及咖啡機,把咖啡豆變做 Espresso 。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">準備一杯好的Espresso 。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">2. 全脂鮮奶</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">奶泡由牛奶打成,因牛奶的脂肪與蛋白質含量及溫度均會影響奶泡的形成,拉花最好使用全脂鮮牛奶,因其脂肪與蛋白質含量較高,能打出更多及更細滑綿密的奶泡。此外,牛奶必須雪凍,因爲凍牛奶能加長打泡時混合時間,奶與泡混合得宜,拉花纔會靚。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">3. 意式咖啡機的蒸氣棒/奶泡壺/打奶棒</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">三種都是打奶泡工具,手打奶泡壺及電動打奶棒較難掌握,初學宜選用單一氣孔的蒸氣棒,因氣孔少,蒸氣出得愈慢,較容易控制。奶泡壺則可因製作分量自行選擇大小,一般可選 350 cc 或 600 cc 的鋼壺。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">使用冷凍的全脂牛奶打奶泡。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">4. 拉花壺</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">盛載奶泡作拉花之用,大小方面可因應每部咖啡機的蒸氣壓力和每次製作的份量,自行選擇大小,一般可用 300 ml 、350 ml 或 600 ml 的壺。拉花壺有不同形狀,建議選購壺身形狀壺底闊並向上收窄的類形,忌選中間闊上下窄形狀,因不利打奶泡。壺嘴形狀方面,可選圓而闊的壺嘴,外彎爲佳,較容易控制奶泡倒出的穩定性。壺嘴溝槽則可選擇能起彙集奶泡作用的長溝型,拉起來會比較易控制。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">一個好的拉花壺,利於新手掌控。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">5. 咖啡杯</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">初學者建議選用矮身圓底大口徑的咖啡杯練習,會較容易掌握,拉花時間相對高身杯短,圖案亦較容易拉出。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">一切準備就緒,就要開始實戰了!</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">八個實戰步驟,慢慢試,不用急:</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">1. 此時,手中有一杯 Espresso 及一壺奶泡。把杯口的 1/3 處定爲拉花落點,把咖啡杯傾斜 10 -15 度,將奶壺提到約 10 cm 處,並開始小量倒入奶泡以刺破油脂。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">2. 穩定並小流量倒入奶泡,至咖啡杯 5 分滿。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">保持奶泡流量穩定。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">3. 當咖啡面出現奶泡“白點”,降低奶壺至緊貼咖啡杯口,加大奶泡注入流量,手臂手腕配合,以 Z 字左右搖晃奶壺,晃動距離約 1 cm 。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">4. 搖晃奶壺旨在增加心形的分層,隨著奶壺持續晃動,奶方便麪積會不斷增大,並形成圓形狀,注意保持奶泡流量。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">以 Z 字左右輕微搖晃奶壺。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">5. 當杯中奶泡增多,注入時慢慢把杯子放平,當咖啡杯至 8 分滿時,完全放平咖啡杯,準備提高拉花缸,同時減少奶泡注入量。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">6. 至將 9 分滿時,慢慢提起拉花壺並收細注入流量,此時注入點是心形的中心點。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">收線位置則決定了心形的右左勻稱度。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">7. 奶泡以小流量從中心線收至杯尾。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">8. 收線結束,一杯心形拉花咖啡完成!</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">一個漂亮的心形,就這樣出現了。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">怎樣纔算完美拉花?</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">完美的拉花,除圖案要清晰外,咖啡亦要高出杯口約 0.5 cm ,做到滿而不溢,而奶泡厚度則控制在 1 – 1.5 cm 之間,口感與外觀俱皆。</span></div> ' |
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meta_title | '重點討論:咖啡拉花真的那麼重要嗎?如何製作咖啡拉花?_點評_咖啡館經營_中國咖啡網' |
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meta_description | '專業咖啡師交流 請關注咖啡工房(微信公衆號cafe_style ) 哇,好神奇啊~ 一杯有着精美拉花的咖啡,很容易賺得消費者類似的驚歎。 於是,苦練拉花技術幾乎成爲每個咖啡師的基本技能。 你是否想過,拉花對一杯咖啡的意義在哪裏呢?顏值?口味?亦或其他?今天' |
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'field' => array ( ), ), 667 => array ( 'id' => '667', 'pid' => '19', 'pids' => '0,19', 'name' => '連咖啡', 'dirname' => 'liankafei', 'pdirname' => 'kafeiguan/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 667, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '連咖啡_coffee box_連咖啡防彈咖啡_連咖啡好喝嗎', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '連咖啡是一個連鎖咖啡品牌,成立於2012年7月。主要提供咖啡快送服務,用戶可以通過微信公號“連咖啡微服務”掃碼自助下單,在線完成支付之後,平臺會就近爲咖啡車間附近的用戶提供咖啡外送服務,並保證在半小時內送達,產品包含焦糖拿鐵、香草拿鐵、愛爾蘭橙香拿鐵等。', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '14', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '19', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '667', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-liankafei.html', 'total' => 14, 'field' => array ( ), ), ) |
urlrule | '/views-109004-[page].html' |
fix_html_now_url | '' |
my_web_url | 'https://madmin.gafei.com/views-109004' |
get | array ( 's' => 'article', 'c' => 'show', 'id' => '109004', 'm' => 'index', ) |
App.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/App.php |
Autoload.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Autoload.php |
Cache.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Cache.php |
Cache.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Cache.php |
CodeIgniter.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/CodeIgniter.php |
Constants.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Constants.php |
Content.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Model/Content.php |
ContentSecurityPolicy.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/ContentSecurityPolicy.php |
Cookie.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Cookie.php |
Database.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Database.php |
Date.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Date.php |
Exceptions.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Exceptions.php |
Exceptions.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/Exceptions.php |
Field.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Field.php |
File.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/File.php |
Filters.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Filters.php |
Helper.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Helper.php |
Hooks.php | FCPATH/App/Bdts/Config/Hooks.php |
Hooks.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Hooks.php |
Init.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Init.php |
Input.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Input.php |
Kint.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Kint.php |
Lang.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Lang.php |
Logger.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Logger.php |
Member.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Model/Member.php |
Model.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Model.php |
Module.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/Home/Module.php |
Modules.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Modules.php |
Paths.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Paths.php |
Phpcmf.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Phpcmf.php |
Request.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/Request.php |
Router.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Router.php |
Router.php | FCPATH/My/Library/Router.php |
Routes.php | APPPATH/Config/Routes.php |
Routes.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Routes.php |
Security.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Security.php |
Seo.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Seo.php |
Service.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Service.php |
Services.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Services.php |
Show.php | APPPATH/Controllers/Show.php |
Text.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Text.php |
Textarea.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Textarea.php |
Toolbar.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Toolbar.php |
Ueditor.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Ueditor.php |
UserAgents.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/UserAgents.php |
Version.php | FCPATH/My/Config/Version.php |
View.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/View.php |
View.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/View.php |
View.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/View.php |
_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_1.htm.cache.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/template/_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_1.htm.cache.php |
_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_2.htm.cache.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/template/_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_2.htm.cache.php |
_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_show.html.cache.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/template/_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_show.html.cache.php |
cache.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/cache.php |
custom.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/custom.php |
database.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/database.php |
domain_app.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/domain_app.php |
domain_client.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/domain_client.php |
hooks.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/hooks.php |
index.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/hk/index.php |
lang.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/hk/api/language/zh-cn/lang.php |
memcached.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/memcached.php |
redis.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/redis.php |
rewrite.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/rewrite.php |
site.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/site.php |
system.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/system.php |
AutoloadConfig.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/AutoloadConfig.php |
Autoloader.php | SYSTEMPATH/Autoloader/Autoloader.php |
BaseBuilder.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseBuilder.php |
BaseCollector.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/BaseCollector.php |
BaseConfig.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/BaseConfig.php |
BaseConnection.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseConnection.php |
BaseHandler.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/Handlers/BaseHandler.php |
BaseResult.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseResult.php |
BaseService.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/BaseService.php |
Builder.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Builder.php |
CacheFactory.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/CacheFactory.php |
CacheInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/CacheInterface.php |
CliRenderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/CliRenderer.php |
CloneableCookieInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CloneableCookieInterface.php |
CodeIgniter.php | SYSTEMPATH/CodeIgniter.php |
Common.php | SYSTEMPATH/Common.php |
Config.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Config.php |
Config.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/Config.php |
Connection.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Connection.php |
ConnectionInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/ConnectionInterface.php |
ContentSecurityPolicy.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ContentSecurityPolicy.php |
Controller.php | SYSTEMPATH/Controller.php |
Cookie.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/Cookie.php |
CookieInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CookieInterface.php |
CookieStore.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CookieStore.php |
Database.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/Database.php |
Database.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Database.php |
DebugToolbar.php | SYSTEMPATH/Filters/DebugToolbar.php |
DotEnv.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/DotEnv.php |
Escaper.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Escaper/Escaper.php |
Events.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Events.php |
Events.php | SYSTEMPATH/Events/Events.php |
Exceptions.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Exceptions.php |
Factories.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Factories.php |
Factory.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Factory.php |
FileLocator.php | SYSTEMPATH/Autoloader/FileLocator.php |
Files.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Files.php |
FilterInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Filters/FilterInterface.php |
Filters.php | SYSTEMPATH/Filters/Filters.php |
Header.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Header.php |
IncomingRequest.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/IncomingRequest.php |
Kint.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Kint.php |
Logger.php | SYSTEMPATH/Log/Logger.php |
LoggerInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/PSR/Log/LoggerInterface.php |
Logs.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Logs.php |
Message.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Message.php |
MessageInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/MessageInterface.php |
MessageTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/MessageTrait.php |
Modules.php | SYSTEMPATH/Modules/Modules.php |
Query.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/Query.php |
QueryInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/QueryInterface.php |
RedisHandler.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/Handlers/RedisHandler.php |
Renderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/Renderer.php |
RendererInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/View/RendererInterface.php |
Request.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Request.php |
RequestInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/RequestInterface.php |
RequestTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/RequestTrait.php |
Response.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Response.php |
ResponseInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ResponseInterface.php |
ResponseTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/API/ResponseTrait.php |
ResponseTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ResponseTrait.php |
Result.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Result.php |
ResultInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/ResultInterface.php |
RichRenderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/RichRenderer.php |
RouteCollection.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouteCollection.php |
RouteCollectionInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouteCollectionInterface.php |
Router.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/Router.php |
RouterInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouterInterface.php |
Routes.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Routes.php |
Routes.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Routes.php |
Services.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Services.php |
TextRenderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/TextRenderer.php |
Timer.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Timer.php |
Timers.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Timers.php |
Toolbar.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar.php |
URI.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/URI.php |
UserAgent.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/UserAgent.php |
Utils.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Utils.php |
View.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/View.php |
View.php | SYSTEMPATH/View/View.php |
Views.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Views.php |
init.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/init.php |
init_helpers.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/init_helpers.php |
url_helper.php | SYSTEMPATH/Helpers/url_helper.php |
Directory: | |
Controller: | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show |
Method: | index |
Params: | 0 / 0 |
Method | Route | Handler |
---|---|---|
GET | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
HEAD | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
POST | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
PUT | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
DELETE | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
OPTIONS | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
TRACE | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
CONNECT | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
CLI | migrations/([^/]+)/([^/]+) | \CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::$1/$2 |
CLI | migrations/([^/]+) | \CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::$1 |
CLI | migrations | \CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::index |
CLI | ci(.*) | \CodeIgniter\CLI\CommandRunner::index/$1 |
CLI | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
Time | Event Name | Times Called |
---|---|---|
13.50 ms | pre_system | 1 |
0.19 ms | dbquery | 9 |
Action | Datetime | Status | Method | URL | Content-Type | Is AJAX? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2025-04-23 02:05:35 | 200 | GET | https://madmin.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-23 02:05:33 | 200 | GET | https://coffeetec.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-23 02:05:30 | 200 | GET | https://gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-23 02:05:27 | 200 | GET | https://gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-23 02:05:25 | 200 | GET | https://codec.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-23 02:05:18 | 200 | GET | https://bak.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-23 02:05:15 | 200 | HEAD | https://bak.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-23 02:05:14 | 200 | GET | https://bak.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-23 02:05:12 | 200 | GET | https://bak.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-23 02:05:09 | 200 | GET | https://bak.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-23 02:05:08 | 200 | HEAD | https://bak.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-23 02:05:05 | 200 | HEAD | https://bak.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-23 02:04:58 | 200 | GET | https://bak.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-23 02:04:55 | 200 | GET | https://bak.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-23 02:04:54 | 200 | GET | https://bak.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-23 02:04:53 | 200 | GET | https://bak.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-23 02:04:52 | 200 | GET | https://bak.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-23 02:04:51 | 200 | HEAD | https://bak.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-23 02:04:50 | 200 | HEAD | https://bak.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-23 02:04:46 | 200 | GET | https://bak.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No |
Session doesn't seem to be active.
s | article |
c | show |
id | 109004 |
m | index |
Priority | u=0, i |
Accept-Encoding | gzip, deflate, br, zstd |
Sec-Fetch-Dest | document |
Sec-Fetch-User | ?1 |
Sec-Fetch-Mode | navigate |
Sec-Fetch-Site | none |
Accept | text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7 |
User-Agent | Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com) |
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests | 1 |
Sec-Ch-Ua-Platform | "Windows" |
Sec-Ch-Ua-Mobile | ?0 |
Sec-Ch-Ua | "HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129" |
Cache-Control | no-cache |
Pragma | no-cache |
Host | madmin.gafei.com |
Priority | u=0, i |
Accept-Encoding | gzip, deflate, br, zstd |
Sec-Fetch-Dest | document |
Sec-Fetch-User | ?1 |
Sec-Fetch-Mode | navigate |
Sec-Fetch-Site | none |
Accept | text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7 |
User-Agent | Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com) |
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests | 1 |
Sec-Ch-Ua-Platform | "Windows" |
Sec-Ch-Ua-Mobile | ?0 |
Sec-Ch-Ua | "HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129" |
Cache-Control | no-cache |
Pragma | no-cache |
Host | madmin.gafei.com |
CodeIgniter Version: | 4.1.4 |
PHP Version: | 8.0.25 |
PHP SAPI: | fpm-fcgi |
Environment: | development |
Base URL: | https://madmin.gafei.com/ |
Timezone: | PRC |
Locale: | en |
Content Security Policy Enabled: | No |