作者:未知 來源:咖啡豆: 咖啡新聞 > 咖啡資訊 > 2025-06-20 14:34:18
咖啡愈來愈貴、咖啡農卻愈來愈窮,這也不禁讓全球咖啡種植業者發出怒吼,警告西方咖啡業者若不協助他們改善收入,恐會引爆新一波的“社會災難”。
■Growers around the world have warned coffee company executives in the West of a growing "social catastrophe", unless they can help to raise farmers' incomes.
在埃塞俄比亞草木蔥蘢的南部高地,已經好幾代都在此經營咖啡農場的高菲多(Gafeto Gardo)卻在思索是否應該結束咖啡種植事業。
咖啡豆價格慘跌
過去一年,高菲多生產的咖啡豆,每公斤價格崩跌三分之一到僅剩下29美分。至於在西方國家,一杯卡步奇諾卻可賣到3至4美元。
他坦承,“我們正逐漸失去希望。由於收成不如以往,我很擔憂將會帶來很大影響。”他說咖啡在這裏“就等同我們的生命。”
不像石油或天然氣等商品的開採業者,咖啡農長久以來因處在價值鏈的錯誤一端而蒙受其苦。他們獲得的收入通常只有咖啡零售價的一小部分。
如今,又因碰到全球咖啡豆價格暴跌至近13年低點,導致中美洲、哥倫比亞與埃塞俄比亞等部份咖啡農開始心生質疑,是否還值得辛辛苦苦種植這些咖啡豆。
Shebedino聯合發展辦公室負責人迪米斯(Desalegan Demissie)表示,種植咖啡“原本就是勞力密集與成本昂貴的產業”,現今又碰上咖啡豆價格銳降,令他擔憂是否將引發咖啡農田拋棄潮。
不過諷刺的是,在價值鏈的另一端,咖啡卻成爲前所未有的高人氣飲品。西方千禧世代從小就是喝星巴克咖啡長大,這也帶動歐美國家的咖啡店接二連三崛起,專走高檔路線的創意咖啡還因應而生。
由於咖啡市場商機驚人,該產業還掀起新一波併購潮,像是雀巢取得星巴克連鎖咖啡店外的星巴克產品全球營銷權;JAB Holdings斥鉅資收購綠山公司,可口可樂也砸重金收購咖啡連鎖商Costa,希望能在咖啡市場擴大版圖。
不過對於生計困苦的咖啡農而言,他們的未來卻處於一片愁雲慘霧。這也促使全球咖啡農挺身要求西方咖啡業者協助他們提高收入,否則引發新的社會災難危機。
咖啡田面臨遺棄危機
代表逾30國咖啡農的一個組織,2018年曾公開致函給星巴克、Jacobs Douwe Egberts與雀巢等咖啡業者。信中提到咖啡田目前正面臨遭到遺棄的危機,他們警告若該情況真的發生,不僅將造成社會與政治動盪,並還出現更多非法移民的問題。
咖啡業者對於這封信也有善意回應。星巴克就承諾將拿出2千萬美元協助小股東與中美洲進行交易,直到咖啡豆價格回升到生產成本以上。
買入全球約3%咖啡的星巴克表示,“這對我們而言是開始的一步,得知我們在近期必須做些可以滿足這些國家最迫切需要的事情。”
近來全球咖啡豆價格暴跌,主要是受到巴西咖啡田出現大豐收。該國是全球最大咖啡生產國,該國的豐收導致在紐約與美國ICE期貨交易所的阿拉比卡咖啡豆價格跌至低點。
以2018年9月18日爲例,當時阿拉比卡咖啡豆每公斤價格從2.09美元跌至只剩下95.10美分,創下2005年10月以來最低價位,若與2011年高點相比更不到三分之一,之後幾個月過去,咖啡豆價格仍盤旋在低位附近,迄今仍不見大幅回升跡象。
文章來源:工商時報
前街咖啡已可在Tmall選購,60種來自世界各地咖啡豆,新鮮烘焙 24H發貨。
Tmall link:https://qianjieshipin.tmall.com
或直接在淘寶搜尋 「前街旗艦店」
2019-01-29 10:59:40 責任編輯:未知
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content | '<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 震撼咖啡界的水質研究</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"><img src="/uploads/allimg/170427/3-1F42G15605b2.jpg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; max-width: 100%; width: 650px; height: 435px;"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 水是萃取咖啡的重要元素,一杯衝煮好的咖啡(除espresso外),其中有百分之98以上的成分是水,所佔的比例相當可觀。而我們日常衝煮咖啡所使用的水有許多種類,舉凡如RO水、自來水、礦泉水、硬水、軟水...... 等等,琳琅滿目。 </p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 水不就是水嗎,爲何會有這麼多種類?</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 不同種類的水會對咖啡萃取造成怎樣的影響呢? </p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 用純水煮咖啡不好嗎?</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 水中有礦物質好嗎? </p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 這其中有何科學上的理論呢? </p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 近年來在咖啡界越來越多的人開始注重「水」這個問題。 在此之前,唯一對咖啡用水有最完整論述的就是由美國精品咖啡協會SCAA所出版的《Water Quality》一書,它是咖啡界的經典,但是其中在討論有關於水中礦物質與衝煮的影響這部分,其參考文獻多來自上一世紀60至70年代Coffee BrewingCenter的出版品,爾後卻鮮少在文獻上有創新性的看法。 直到這兩年,有一個雙人組合經由科學研究對水質提出了新的發現,爲咖啡界帶來震撼,在這次的專欄裏就由小弟給各位介紹。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"><img src="/uploads/allimg/170427/3-1F42G15613136.jpg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; max-width: 100%; width: 900px; height: 600px;"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 在2014年,由英國Bath大學Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies的一位博班研究生Christopher Hendon和當地的一家咖啡館老闆Maxwell Colonna-Dashwood 在Journal of Agriculturaland Food Chemistry發表了一篇研究陽離子與咖啡萃取的文章,題目是《TheRole of Dissolved Cations in Coffee Extraction》,揭開了探討理想衝煮咖啡用水的序幕。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"><img src="/uploads/allimg/170427/3-1F42G15624D8.jpg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; max-width: 100%; width: 900px; height: 600px;"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> (Maxwell與Christopher/圖片來源網絡)</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> ▼</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 水中離子對風味物質萃取的影響</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 在論文中,作者選定了三種水中常見的陽離子:鈉離子、鈣離子以及鎂離子,並且着手分析這些離子對於咖啡風味物質的萃取有何影響。 首先作者挑了七種化學物質,包括有乳酸、蘋果酸、檸檬酸、奎寧酸、綠原酸、咖啡因以及丁香酚,用來代表咖啡的風味。 其中乳酸以及蘋果酸代表酸感﹙sour﹚,檸檬酸代表甜感﹙sweet﹚,奎寧酸以及綠原酸則用來代表咖啡的刺激性﹙pungent﹚和不好的﹙unpalatable﹚的風味,而丁香酚﹙eugenol,亦常見於咖啡威士忌和紅酒中﹚則代表令人愉悅的木質風味。 再以熱力學的方式去計算鈉、鈣、鎂離子還有水對於上述七種咖啡成分的相對結合能量﹙Relative Binding Energy﹚,藉以當作萃取時的指針。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"><img src="/uploads/allimg/170427/3-1F42G1563LK.jpg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; max-width: 100%; width: 900px; height: 608px;"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 文中他們發現鈉離子與挑選的咖啡成分其相對結合能量和水相當,這意味着鈉離子的存在並不會影響水與這些物質的結合,甚至他們發現鈉離子對於咖啡因和丁香酸的結合似乎比水還弱些。 因此,作者認爲目前市面上常見的以鈉離子交換鈣離子的樹脂,其功能頂多是降低水垢的產生,對風味的萃取取並沒有多大的幫助,甚至離子交換後帶有豐富鈉離子的水會影響某些風味的萃取﹙如咖啡因和丁香酚﹚。 至於二價的金屬離子﹙即鈣離子和鎂離子﹚與挑選的咖啡風味成分的結合能力就比鈉離子要好,也比水來的佳。 這表示當水中有此二種礦物質存在時,咖啡風味成分會傾向與它們結合,進而增加萃取。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> ▼</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 離子特性優缺分析</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 若再進一步比較,則鎂離子的結合力又比鈣離子來的好一些。 值得注意的是,這些二價陽離子可以增加咖啡萃取是全面性的,其中也包括了不討喜的風味﹙如文中選定的綠原酸和奎寧酸﹚,和有淺在藥性的物質﹙如綠原酸有抗氧化的效應和咖啡因有刺激神經和腸胃系統的作用﹚,所以在選用上也有着健康方面的考慮,可能需要稍微注意。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"><img src="/uploads/allimg/170427/3-1F42G15645493.jpg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; max-width: 100%; width: 900px; height: 577px;"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 雖說鈣和鎂都有着不錯的萃取能力,但是水中存在過量的鈣離子往往會與水中碳酸氫根結合而造成水垢﹙Scale﹚的問題,對熱水設備造成影響,因此若能使用鎂離子似乎是一個比較好的選擇。 文中也談到,像是在衝煮速溶咖啡上,爲了要達到最高的溶解以及萃取,使用含有鎂離子的水是比較理想的選擇;若是衝煮淺烘焙的咖啡,則鈣離子和鎂離子的能力相當。 此論文發表後,隨即引發大家對鎂離子的好奇,並且開始追求在水中增加鎂離子的方法,進而有業者開始引進鎂離子濾心或是交換樹脂,提供玩家嘗試。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"><img src="http://wimg.tubaba.com.cn/http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gAWqHia1AibblSVxrtbVmcw11Aa0Mo9sQo82Hc3dU0UT4Pd6lT4GdFtibnm4JCRNYzFau7rFia5CS11j7otFEibrmDQ/0?wx_fmt=jpg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; max-width: 100%; height: 658px; width: 900px;"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 與其改變水質,不如以烘焙手法的調整來修正萃取</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> ▼</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 深度解析咖啡與水</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 繼2014年的論文發表後,他倆又乘勝追擊,在2015年底出版了一本專門探討咖啡與水的專書,書名是《Water for Coffee》。 此書以之前的發表爲基礎,並把論文中沒有進討論的緩衝系統也一併做詳細的說明,內容相當充實完整,爲咖啡界提供了一本很好的參考指針。 以下爲大家簡述內容綱要。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 本書可以分成三大部分,第一部分屬於科普知識,作者從盤古開天闢地的宇宙的誕生以及物質的元素週期表開始講起,並介紹一些常用的化學名詞以及其科學單位,以供後續討論用。 之後便開始討論水的液、汽、固態三相與溫度壓力之間的關係、熱力學的四大定律等有關水的物理特性;以及談到水的化學組成以及其結構,何謂極性和非極性,氫鍵的產生以及水與極性分子、非極性分子之間的關係;還有以熱力學的角度去看待物質的溶解,告訴讀着物質溶於水的科學理論根據。 再來便談到了水的解離常數與pH值,酸與鹼的定義、共軛鹼與緩衝溶液以及水的碳酸鹽硬度﹙Carbonate Hardness,KH﹚的介紹、還有總硬度﹙General Hardness,GH﹚概念。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"><img src="/uploads/allimg/170427/3-1F42G15I63D.jpg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; max-width: 100%; width: 900px; height: 618px;"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 從架構來看,作者應是以現行SCAA 建議的《water for brewing standard》中所標示的其中四種指針:TDS﹙Total Dissolved Solids﹚、pH值、Calcium Hardness﹙鈣離子硬度﹚、以及總鹼度﹙total alkalinity﹚爲出發點,很有野心的打算對水做個完整的介紹。 並他們也提出自己的版本﹙諸如將Calcium Hardness修正成General Hardness,以及Total alkalinity一詞改成Karbonate Hardness﹚,也爲之後的內容作了學理上的妥善鋪陳。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 我有些朋友在翻到第一部份時就因爲感到內容實在是太化學了就紛紛打退堂而鼓棄械投降,其實這些化學我們在求學時都曾接觸過,也許是時間間隔太久了,但請大家不要那麼早放棄,因爲好酒沉甕底喔!</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> ▼</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 水質濾淨及硬度與酸鹼的探索</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 第二個部分開始介紹目前測量水中的礦物質的幾種方法,如常用的「滴定法」,TDS測量以及實驗室等級的原子吸收光譜﹙AA﹚和感應藕合電漿質譜儀﹙ICPMS﹚。 再來便談到了目前常見的濾水方式:從簡易地去除水中如農藥等有機分子的活性碳濾心,到陽離子交換樹脂的原理以及其對水質的影響,還有逆滲透的原理介紹。 值得一提的是,在國外即便是使用逆滲透,但似乎比較少直接飲用製造出來的純水,他們通常會將高濃度的離子廢水部分回填至純水中以稍微補充礦物質,而在臺灣則多是將純水過麥飯石濾心以增加礦物質的含量,兩者略有不同。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"><img src="http://wimg.tubaba.com.cn/http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gAWqHia1AibblSVxrtbVmcw11Aa0Mo9sQoPJkw5yLWfROEvnKgNOxJ2F4JdB1I5prTvR08b5CnW8R59icE7NAc7sA/0?wx_fmt=jpg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; max-width: 100%; height: 664px; width: 900px;"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 接下來的第三部分便開始有趣了。 首先是實作的部分,作者以鎂離子和鈣離子爲例,開始教導大家如何調製出不同總硬度(General Hardness, GH),碳酸鹽硬度(CarbonateHardness,KH)以及調整pH值,甚至告訴大家該如何上網去選購所需的藥品以及價格,如果有興趣的朋友想要親自嘗試水中不同的離子種類以及濃度在衝煮咖啡的風味上有何特色, 建議可以參考SCAA的《water for brewing standard》中的建議濃度加以調製作爲探索的起點。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 接下來就是開始討論作者認爲水中影響萃取的三個因子:鈣離子、鎂離子以及碳酸鹽緩衝系統(bicarbonate buffer system)彼此之間的關係,有趣的是小弟發現了他們好像察覺到發表鎂離子有比較好的結合能力這件事可能會給讀者產生的誤導,畢竟鈣離子也有相當的程度。 於是作者加以補述說明他們比較想要強調的是水的組成成分對於萃取的影響,而非只單獨強調單一種離子。 他們迴歸到總硬度GH﹙鎂和鈣離子一起看待﹚的觀念,畢竟在自然界中要找到只有存在豐富鎂離子的水源就好比要在自然界中找到去離子水一樣困難。 再者,他們找了14個人對以鈣離子或鎂離子水衝煮的咖啡做盲測,差異是微乎其微的。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"><img src="http://wimg.tubaba.com.cn/http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gAWqHia1AibblGmzctJeaibg3FPZSqYokrQH8M7Mib4xgXBOqPwxDGaoM1hiamZxTZL1WsnMgOIBwvbGnVKRzRFMfSg/0?wx_fmt=jpg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; max-width: 100%;"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 此外,在碳酸鹽緩衝系統上,目前有着許多的同義詞,諸如Alkalinity(總鹼度)、Karbonate(carbonate)、Hardness (碳酸鹽硬度)、temporary Hardness(暫時硬度)等。 作者強烈建議不要使用alkalinity,因爲碳酸鹽是有緩衝能力的,而alkalinity這個字會和它會和alkaline(鹼)產生誤解。 碳酸鹽系統是作者強調的另一個主軸,因爲碳酸鹽(KH)具有緩衝能力,它不但可以穩定水的pH值,並且在衝煮咖啡時可以部份中和並緩衝咖啡帶來的酸,因此KH的含量多寡也左右了杯測的表現。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> ▼</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 什麼是最適合衝煮咖啡的水?</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 第三部分的最高潮,也是本人認爲最精采的部分,就是開始討論所謂的「最佳」水的規格。作者重申,不應以單一離子做討論,而應將三個因子的比率做動態的考慮,於是推出了檢視不同KH(碳酸鹽硬度)與GH(總硬度,鈣離子和鎂離子的總和)濃度下的衝煮咖啡,作出衝煮風味圖。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"><img src="/uploads/allimg/170427/3-1F42G15T5218.jpg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; max-width: 100%; width: 450px; height: 450px;"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> Maxwell與Christopher所提出的風味圖概念</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 其中KH扮演的角色就是可以緩衝咖啡的酸質,若含量過少則可能帶來銳利的酸感,若過多則會中和咖啡的酸,造成平淡的酸感,有時甚而會引發沉澱,而有顆粒感(Chalky)。 GH則是萃取指針,是將咖啡物質溶解出來的能力,GH越高則口感越厚重,反之則越空洞。 如圖所示,在不同GH、KH高低濃度所產生的四個極端風味之間就會出現一個可以接受的區間,甚至在可接受區間裏就會產生一個理想的區域。 </p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"><img src="http://wimg.tubaba.com.cn/http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gAWqHia1AibblSVxrtbVmcw11Aa0Mo9sQoSPTic4tCNR9aWHYBWISFTV4OEaxRGXTenFicicTu9UFibeNhvqbDXgiaTdA/0?wx_fmt=jpg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; max-width: 100%;"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; line-height: 39px; color: rgb(25, 25, 25); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", ����, ����; font-size: 18px;"> 最後,作者提出了一個「Roasting to water」的概念,其理論就是世界上沒有一種水其所含的礦物質組成是可以適合所有的咖啡衝煮,因爲水中的離子成分會影響咖啡的風味,而不同的地區其水質條件都不同,煮出來的味道也就會不一樣。那麼爲了達到理想的風味,因此提倡了反向思考的概念,與其改變水質,不如以烘焙手法的調整來修正萃取,這可是一個全新的概念喔! 然而小弟心中的理想境界則是有朝一日,我們對水質的掌控可以能隨心所欲,便可以調整出不同GH與KH比率的水來衝煮不同產區的咖啡,甚至是不同烘焙度的咖啡。 到那時,進咖啡店的客人除了傳統的選擇之外,還多了水質的選項,如此搭配組合,品咖啡就將會變得更有趣了。</p>' |
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tags | array ( ) |
prev_page | array ( 'id' => '99611', 'catid' => '3', 'title' => '2017 年度咖啡調查丨咖啡館主調查數據公開', 'thumb' => '/uploads/allimg/170426/3-1F426155250606.jpg', 'keywords' => '2017,年度,咖啡,調查,咖啡館,數據,公開,2016-2', 'description' => '2016-2017咖啡沙龍全國咖啡館普查結果已出爐,無論你是咖啡館主、咖啡師或者咖啡愛好者,想了解咖啡行業的現狀與未來發展趨勢,就別錯過了本次的數據統計結果了。有趣的問題與數據也許會讓你對咖啡行業有新的評估與經營理念哦~ 2016-2017全國咖啡館主調查順', 'hits' => '106', 'uid' => '1', 'author' => '咖啡沙龍', 'status' => '9', 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/views-99611', 'link_id' => '0', 'tableid' => '0', 'inputip' => '', 'inputtime' => '1493195707', 'updatetime' => '1493193443', 'displayorder' => '98842', 'source' => '', 'buyurl' => '', 'videourl' => '', 'wjm' => '', 'biaoti' => '', 'shopurl' => '', 'litpic2' => '', 'litpic3' => '', 'beanrank' => '', 'local' => '', 'tel' => '', 'gevideocode' => '', 'myurl' => NULL, ) |
next_page | array ( 'id' => '100418', 'catid' => '3', 'title' => '你眼中的咖啡是良藥,還是毒品?', 'thumb' => '/uploads/allimg/170505/3-1F505140015F8.png', 'keywords' => '你眼,中的,咖啡,良藥,還是,毒品,可能,不知道,有時,咖啡', 'description' => '你可能不知道,有時咖啡是良藥, 但是有時,它可能成爲毒品? 這裏,碎碎念提醒 別把咖啡當普通飲料 一天最多三杯 畢竟,一直精神亢奮也不是個事嘛。 別把咖啡當普通飲料喝 它能讓你精神煥發,它能讓你顏值大增, 它能讓你反應迅速,最關鍵的, 就現在一杯咖', 'hits' => '74', 'uid' => '1', 'author' => '貓撲大雜燴', 'status' => '9', 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/views-100418', 'link_id' => '0', 'tableid' => '0', 'inputip' => '', 'inputtime' => '1493963890', 'updatetime' => '1493964072', 'displayorder' => '99649', 'source' => '', 'buyurl' => '', 'videourl' => '', 'wjm' => '', 'biaoti' => '', 'shopurl' => '', 'litpic2' => '', 'litpic3' => '', 'beanrank' => '', 'local' => '', 'tel' => '', 'gevideocode' => '', 'myurl' => NULL, ) |
_inputtime | '1493266500' |
_updatetime | '1656643813' |
meta_title | '什麼水質水溫度沖泡咖啡最好喝?答案在這裏_咖啡行業_咖啡新聞_中國咖啡網' |
meta_keywords | '什麼,水衝,咖啡,好喝,答案,在這裏' |
meta_description | '震撼咖啡界的水質研究水是萃取咖啡的重要元素,一杯衝煮好的咖啡(除espresso外),其中有百分之98以上的成分是水,所佔的比例相當可觀。而我們日常衝煮咖啡所使用的水有許多種類,舉凡如RO水、自來水、' |
cat | array ( 'id' => '3', 'pid' => '1', 'pids' => '0,1', 'name' => '咖啡行業', 'dirname' => 'xingye', 'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/', 'child' => 1, 'childids' => '3,302,303,304,305', 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '行業', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '1410', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '1', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '3', 1 => '302', 2 => '303', 3 => '304', 4 => '305', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => '/list-xingye.html', 'total' => 1582, 'field' => array ( ), ) |
top | array ( 'id' => '1', 'pid' => '0', 'pids' => '0', 'name' => '咖啡新聞', 'dirname' => 'kafeixinwen', 'pdirname' => '', 'child' => 1, 'childids' => '1,2,319,320,323,3,302,303,304,305,66,190,316,317,318', 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '咖啡新聞', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '755', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '1', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '1', 1 => '2', 2 => '319', 3 => '320', 4 => '323', 5 => '3', 6 => '302', 7 => '303', 8 => '304', 9 => '305', 10 => '66', 11 => '190', 12 => '316', 13 => '317', 14 => '318', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => '/list-kafeixinwen.html', 'total' => 2192, 'field' => array ( ), ) |
pageid | 1 |
params | array ( 'catid' => '3', ) |
parent | array ( 'id' => '3', 'pid' => '1', 'pids' => '0,1', 'name' => '咖啡行業', 'dirname' => 'xingye', 'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/', 'child' => 1, 'childids' => '3,302,303,304,305', 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '行業', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '1410', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '1', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '3', 1 => '302', 2 => '303', 3 => '304', 4 => '305', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-xingye.html', 'total' => 1582, 'field' => array ( ), ) |
markid | 'module-article-3' |
related | array ( 302 => array ( 'id' => '302', 'pid' => '3', 'pids' => '0,1,3', 'name' => '上海咖啡館', 'dirname' => 'xingye/shanghaikafeiguan', 'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/xingye/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 302, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '[第{page}頁{join}]{catpname}{join}{modname}{join}{SITE_NAME}', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '1', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}/{M}{D}/{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '1', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '302', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-xingye/shanghaikafeiguan.html', 'total' => 1, 'field' => array ( ), ), 303 => array ( 'id' => '303', 'pid' => '3', 'pids' => '0,1,3', 'name' => '廣州咖啡館', 'dirname' => 'xingye/guangzhoukafeiguan', 'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/xingye/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 303, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '[第{page}頁{join}]{catpname}{join}{modname}{join}{SITE_NAME}', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '3', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}/{M}{D}/{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '1', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '303', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-xingye/guangzhoukafeiguan.html', 'total' => 3, 'field' => array ( ), ), 304 => array ( 'id' => '304', 'pid' => '3', 'pids' => '0,1,3', 'name' => '咖啡', 'dirname' => 'guowaikafeiguan', 'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/xingye/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 304, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '[第{page}頁{join}]{catpname}{join}{modname}{join}{SITE_NAME}', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '1571', 'namerule' => '{typedir}{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '1', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '304', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-guowaikafeiguan.html', 'total' => 1571, 'field' => array ( ), ), 305 => array ( 'id' => '305', 'pid' => '3', 'pids' => '0,1,3', 'name' => '著名咖啡館', 'dirname' => 'xingye/zhumingkafeiguan', 'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/xingye/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 305, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '[第{page}頁{join}]{catpname}{join}{modname}{join}{SITE_NAME}', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '7', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}/{M}{D}/{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '1', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '305', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-xingye/zhumingkafeiguan.html', 'total' => 7, 'field' => array ( ), ), ) |
urlrule | '/views-99710-[page].html' |
fix_html_now_url | '' |
my_web_url | 'https://cheam.gafei.com/views-99710' |
get | array ( 's' => 'article', 'c' => 'show', 'id' => '99710', 'm' => 'index', ) |
App.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/App.php |
Autoload.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Autoload.php |
Cache.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Cache.php |
Cache.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Cache.php |
CodeIgniter.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/CodeIgniter.php |
Constants.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Constants.php |
Content.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Model/Content.php |
ContentSecurityPolicy.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/ContentSecurityPolicy.php |
Cookie.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Cookie.php |
Database.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Database.php |
Date.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Date.php |
Exceptions.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Exceptions.php |
Exceptions.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/Exceptions.php |
Field.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Field.php |
File.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/File.php |
Filters.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Filters.php |
Helper.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Helper.php |
Hooks.php | FCPATH/App/Bdts/Config/Hooks.php |
Hooks.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Hooks.php |
Init.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Init.php |
Input.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Input.php |
Kint.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Kint.php |
Lang.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Lang.php |
Logger.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Logger.php |
Member.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Model/Member.php |
Model.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Model.php |
Module.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/Home/Module.php |
Modules.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Modules.php |
Paths.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Paths.php |
Phpcmf.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Phpcmf.php |
Request.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/Request.php |
Router.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Router.php |
Router.php | FCPATH/My/Library/Router.php |
Routes.php | APPPATH/Config/Routes.php |
Routes.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Routes.php |
Security.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Security.php |
Seo.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Seo.php |
Service.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Service.php |
Services.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Services.php |
Show.php | APPPATH/Controllers/Show.php |
Text.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Text.php |
Textarea.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Textarea.php |
Toolbar.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Toolbar.php |
Ueditor.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Ueditor.php |
UserAgents.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/UserAgents.php |
Version.php | FCPATH/My/Config/Version.php |
View.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/View.php |
View.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/View.php |
View.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/View.php |
_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_1.htm.cache.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/template/_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_1.htm.cache.php |
_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_2.htm.cache.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/template/_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_2.htm.cache.php |
_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_show.html.cache.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/template/_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_show.html.cache.php |
cache.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/cache.php |
custom.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/custom.php |
database.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/database.php |
domain_app.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/domain_app.php |
domain_client.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/domain_client.php |
hooks.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/hooks.php |
index.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/hk/index.php |
lang.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/hk/api/language/zh-cn/lang.php |
memcached.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/memcached.php |
redis.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/redis.php |
rewrite.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/rewrite.php |
site.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/site.php |
system.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/system.php |
AutoloadConfig.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/AutoloadConfig.php |
Autoloader.php | SYSTEMPATH/Autoloader/Autoloader.php |
BaseBuilder.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseBuilder.php |
BaseCollector.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/BaseCollector.php |
BaseConfig.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/BaseConfig.php |
BaseConnection.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseConnection.php |
BaseHandler.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/Handlers/BaseHandler.php |
BaseResult.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseResult.php |
BaseService.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/BaseService.php |
Builder.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Builder.php |
CacheFactory.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/CacheFactory.php |
CacheInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/CacheInterface.php |
CliRenderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/CliRenderer.php |
CloneableCookieInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CloneableCookieInterface.php |
CodeIgniter.php | SYSTEMPATH/CodeIgniter.php |
Common.php | SYSTEMPATH/Common.php |
Config.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Config.php |
Config.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/Config.php |
Connection.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Connection.php |
ConnectionInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/ConnectionInterface.php |
ContentSecurityPolicy.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ContentSecurityPolicy.php |
Controller.php | SYSTEMPATH/Controller.php |
Cookie.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/Cookie.php |
CookieInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CookieInterface.php |
CookieStore.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CookieStore.php |
Database.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/Database.php |
Database.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Database.php |
DebugToolbar.php | SYSTEMPATH/Filters/DebugToolbar.php |
DotEnv.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/DotEnv.php |
Escaper.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Escaper/Escaper.php |
Events.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Events.php |
Events.php | SYSTEMPATH/Events/Events.php |
Exceptions.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Exceptions.php |
Factories.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Factories.php |
Factory.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Factory.php |
FileLocator.php | SYSTEMPATH/Autoloader/FileLocator.php |
Files.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Files.php |
FilterInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Filters/FilterInterface.php |
Filters.php | SYSTEMPATH/Filters/Filters.php |
Header.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Header.php |
IncomingRequest.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/IncomingRequest.php |
Kint.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Kint.php |
Logger.php | SYSTEMPATH/Log/Logger.php |
LoggerInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/PSR/Log/LoggerInterface.php |
Logs.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Logs.php |
Message.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Message.php |
MessageInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/MessageInterface.php |
MessageTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/MessageTrait.php |
Modules.php | SYSTEMPATH/Modules/Modules.php |
Query.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/Query.php |
QueryInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/QueryInterface.php |
RedisHandler.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/Handlers/RedisHandler.php |
Renderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/Renderer.php |
RendererInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/View/RendererInterface.php |
Request.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Request.php |
RequestInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/RequestInterface.php |
RequestTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/RequestTrait.php |
Response.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Response.php |
ResponseInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ResponseInterface.php |
ResponseTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/API/ResponseTrait.php |
ResponseTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ResponseTrait.php |
Result.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Result.php |
ResultInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/ResultInterface.php |
RichRenderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/RichRenderer.php |
RouteCollection.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouteCollection.php |
RouteCollectionInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouteCollectionInterface.php |
Router.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/Router.php |
RouterInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouterInterface.php |
Routes.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Routes.php |
Routes.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Routes.php |
Services.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Services.php |
TextRenderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/TextRenderer.php |
Timer.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Timer.php |
Timers.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Timers.php |
Toolbar.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar.php |
URI.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/URI.php |
UserAgent.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/UserAgent.php |
Utils.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Utils.php |
View.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/View.php |
View.php | SYSTEMPATH/View/View.php |
Views.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Views.php |
init.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/init.php |
init_helpers.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/init_helpers.php |
url_helper.php | SYSTEMPATH/Helpers/url_helper.php |
Directory: | |
Controller: | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show |
Method: | index |
Params: | 0 / 0 |
Method | Route | Handler |
---|---|---|
GET | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
HEAD | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
POST | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
PUT | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
DELETE | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
OPTIONS | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
TRACE | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
CONNECT | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
CLI | migrations/([^/]+)/([^/]+) | \CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::$1/$2 |
CLI | migrations/([^/]+) | \CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::$1 |
CLI | migrations | \CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::index |
CLI | ci(.*) | \CodeIgniter\CLI\CommandRunner::index/$1 |
CLI | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
Time | Event Name | Times Called |
---|---|---|
6.51 ms | pre_system | 1 |
0.09 ms | dbquery | 9 |
Action | Datetime | Status | Method | URL | Content-Type | Is AJAX? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2025-06-20 14:34:20 | 200 | GET | https://252fm.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-06-20 14:34:18 | 200 | GET | https://cheam.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-06-20 14:34:17 | 200 | GET | https://gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-06-20 14:34:14 | 200 | GET | https://gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-06-20 14:34:13 | 200 | GET | https://cheam.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-06-20 14:34:12 | 200 | GET | https://charcot.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-06-20 14:34:10 | 200 | GET | https://charcot.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-06-20 14:34:02 | 200 | GET | https://codec.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-06-20 14:34:00 | 200 | GET | https://www.51kanju.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-06-20 14:33:58 | 200 | GET | https://gf.coffeecdn.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-06-20 14:33:54 | 200 | GET | https://cheam.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-06-20 14:33:48 | 200 | GET | https://owa.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-06-20 14:33:45 | 200 | GET | https://www.php168.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-06-20 14:33:44 | 200 | GET | https://owa.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-06-20 14:33:42 | 200 | GET | https://w.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-06-20 14:33:38 | 200 | GET | https://w.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-06-20 14:33:30 | 200 | GET | https://coffeetec.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-06-20 14:33:29 | 200 | GET | https://bestcoffee.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-06-20 14:33:25 | 200 | GET | https://51kanju.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-06-20 14:33:23 | 200 | GET | https://cheam.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No |
Session doesn't seem to be active.
s | article |
c | show |
id | 99710 |
m | index |
Accept-Encoding | gzip, br, zstd, deflate |
User-Agent | Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com) |
Accept | */* |
Host | cheam.gafei.com |
Accept-Encoding | gzip, br, zstd, deflate |
User-Agent | Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com) |
Accept | */* |
Host | cheam.gafei.com |
CodeIgniter Version: | 4.1.4 |
PHP Version: | 8.0.25 |
PHP SAPI: | fpm-fcgi |
Environment: | development |
Base URL: | https://cheam.gafei.com/ |
Timezone: | PRC |
Locale: | en |
Content Security Policy Enabled: | No |