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<p>
從5年前的39萬畝到2012年的130萬畝，飛速擴張的雲南咖啡種植業在去年遭遇市場寒流。先是在去年年初，國際巨頭雀巢宣佈停止收購後引發咖農恐慌拋售的“滯銷風波”。去年年底，咖啡豆收購價跌至5年來新低，逼近種植成本線。羊城晚報記者連日來在雲南調查發現，在諸多挑戰之下，雲南咖啡正在醞釀一場逆襲風暴。</p>
<p>
收購價跌近成本線咖農觀望</p>
<p>
目前，原豆種植佔國內行業的98%以上份額的雲南省正迎來咖啡採收季。但咖農們怎麼也高興不起來。</p>
<p>
普洱市大林窩咖啡合作社的負責人告訴羊城晚報記者，該社目前種植面積近500畝，產品的主要買家雀巢和星巴克的報價較低，咖農現在還在觀望。而現在的農藥和化肥價格持續上漲，種植成本已經接近16元/公斤，如果價格繼續走低，咖農或將選擇其他出路。而在普洱市西盟縣，一位村幹部告訴記者，由於近年來咖啡行情看漲，村裏近200畝的田地在5年前被改種成了咖啡，去年是咖啡樹開始結果的第二年，咖農的積極性受挫。</p>
<p>
雲南省咖啡行業協會副祕書長鬍路表示，目前租用土地的種植成本在15-16元/公斤左右，如果跌破這一價格，將嚴重打擊雲南咖啡產業。</p>
<p>
雲南咖啡欲逆襲爭奪定價權</p>
<p>
記者調查發現，目前雀巢的定價是參照最新的紐約咖啡期貨價格，並下調幾美分來制定，分散的咖農沒有話語權。</p>
<p>
“價格參照紐約咖啡交易所，只是普通咖啡豆的價格，對我們非常不公平。”普洱市副市長彭遠國日前在接受羊城晚報記者專訪時表示，普洱市目前正致力於打造本土咖啡品牌，計劃扶持一批有定價權的大型企業，形成全產業鏈。並計劃制定產業技術規程和標準，申請原產地保護，力求奪回國際定價權。</p>
<p>
當地最大的咖企後谷咖啡曾是雀巢在中國最大的原料供應商，近年來開始自立門戶，走深加工、產業鏈化之路全力打造自主品牌。董事長熊相入表示，如果國際買家的收購價跌破成本價，將啓動保護價收儲，幫助咖農渡過難關。</p>
<p>
咖啡巨頭改變策略應對</p>
<p>
面對本土合作者的挑戰，有“洋老師”已開始改變原來簡單的採購策略，加強與本土企業合作。星巴克向記者透露，該公司在三年前引進了四個咖啡新品種進行適應性試驗，在五年試驗期滿後，將會大規模種植這四種咖啡品種，屆時其全球首個咖啡種植基地將落戶雲南，其設在普洱的亞洲首個咖啡種植者支持中心已在近日投入運營。</p>
<p>
事實上，面對雲南本土企業的崛起，星巴克已經在改變策略。其與普洱最大的本土咖啡企業愛伲集團的合資公司已於去年12月正式投入運營，合資公司旗下的咖啡初加工工廠年產能可達2萬噸生豆。</p>
<p>
</p>
(責任編輯：獅子座)</td>
</tr>
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