作者:未知 來源:咖啡豆: 咖啡新聞 > 咖啡資訊 > 2025-08-27 15:09:58
近些年來,零陵區大街小巷湧現了大大小小的咖啡館,咖啡館原本應該是安靜、優雅的地方,而實事卻大不相同。近日,常常有市民抱怨:咖啡館裏聞不到咖啡味道,有人在大聲喧譁,有人指尖夾煙周圍煙霧繚繞,有人穿着睡衣跑鬍子,市儈氣息勝過了文化味。 1月11日晚上7點,記者在零陵區商業城對面的老樹咖啡館裏看到,有4位中年女顧客在聚會喝茶,隨後突然走進一名身着大紅睡衣的婦女加入,一起高聲喧譁討論,完全不顧及旁邊人的感受。 “總不能因爲人家衣着不雅,而拒絕招待啊!”一位服務員無奈的說道。市民李小燕告訴記者,前幾日她和好友約好中午在這家咖啡館聚會,正在等朋友時,突然闖進來幾位年輕男子,身上散發着濃烈的酒味,這羣人一進來便大聲嚷着,要服務員給他們上一壺最貴的茶和一瓶紅酒,緊接着這羣人藉着酒性在大廳裏亂打亂撞,引得其他的顧客面面相覷。 記者注意到,這家咖啡館裏到處瀰漫着菸草的味道,整個咖啡廳煙霧繚繞,聞不到咖啡味,牌桌上的一位男士,一手拿着牌,一手夾着煙,動作相當嫺熟,記者在這家咖啡店裏走了一圈,都覺得夠嗆,可想而知在這裏呆幾個小時的感受。一位周小姐告訴記者,咖啡館裏哪有不吸菸的,現在都習慣了,沒什麼感覺。據瞭解,在零陵區大大小小的咖啡館裏,根本無法做到全場禁菸。 “主要是大部分抽菸的市民沒有在公共場合不吸菸的習慣,另外大部分光顧咖啡館的客人都不介意吸菸,甚至有不少年輕女性也以在咖啡館抽菸爲榮。”一些經營者對此表示無奈。 採訪中,記者發現部分咖啡館甚至已經變成了棋牌室。記者在零陵區城標附近的上島咖啡館詢問是否可以打牌時,服務員告訴記者,大廳不可以打牌,如果想打牌,可以去包廂打,他們有撲克提供,包廂最低消費200元。 晚8點半左右,記者又來到了零陵區步行街對面的上島咖啡館,這裏的上島咖啡館比起城標附近的上島咖啡館,打牌現象更加猖狂,在大大小小的雅座裏,幾乎到處都在扯鬍子,“大貳,碰……”這是離記者不遠處的一個牌桌上傳來的聲音。 有業內人士認爲,此種“市儈氣”十足的咖啡館現象,不僅是因爲市民消費素養尚未集體跟上,還體現了衆多經營者的無奈,經營者爲滿足生存與盈利的需要,不得不妥協。然而,從長遠考慮,還需經營者給予一定的引導來維護咖啡館的優雅形象,逐漸消除這些不諧音,才能多一點“文化味”。 (責任編輯:獅子座) |
前街咖啡已可在Tmall選購,60種來自世界各地咖啡豆,新鮮烘焙 24H發貨。
Tmall link:https://qianjieshipin.tmall.com
或直接在淘寶搜尋 「前街旗艦店」
2014-04-27 01:09:34 責任編輯:未知
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title | '咖啡烘焙過程反應分析 烘焙中的梅納反應與焦糖化反應有什麼作用' |
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description | '專業咖啡知識交流 更多咖啡豆資訊 請關注咖啡工房(微信公衆號cafe_style ) 專業咖啡烘焙 | 咖啡烘焙太複雜?一張圖教你看懂烘焙過程 從事咖啡烘焙工作後,發現實際上很多道理都是相通的,我發現生豆就像是演員,而烘焙師就像是導演,可以指揮著演員在這部' |
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content | '<img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/180203/3-1P20321061J09.jpg" style="width: 640px; height: 262px;" /><br /> <h2 style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 28px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8em; outline: 0px; zoom: 1; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px 0px 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(80, 193, 233); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 30px; font-family: \'ヒラギノ角ゴ Pro W3\', \'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro\', メイリオ, Meiryo, \'MS Pゴシック\', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; width: auto;"> <font style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; zoom: 1; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: inherit;">專業咖啡知識交流 更多咖啡豆資訊 請關注咖啡工房(微信公衆號cafe_style )</font></h2> <ul style="padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; zoom: 1; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; font-family: \'ヒラギノ角ゴ Pro W3\', \'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro\', メイリオ, Meiryo, \'MS Pゴシック\', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none outside; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <li style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; zoom: 1; list-style: none; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 18px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: url(https://coffeemecca.jp/wp-content/themes/coffee/images/coffeelist.png); background-size: 0.8em; background-attachment: scroll; background-color: transparent; background-position: 4px 3px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;"> <a href="http://www.gafei.com/hongbeizhishi/20171121112234.html">專業咖啡烘焙 | 咖啡烘焙太複雜?一張圖教你看懂烘焙過程</a></li> <li style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; zoom: 1; list-style: none; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 18px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: url(https://coffeemecca.jp/wp-content/themes/coffee/images/coffeelist.png); background-size: 0.8em; background-attachment: scroll; background-color: transparent; background-position: 4px 3px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;"> <div> 從事咖啡烘焙工作後,發現實際上很多道理都是相通的,我發現生豆就像是演員,而烘焙師就像是導演,可以指揮著演員在這部戲裏的生死和命運。</div> <div> </div> <div> 可以說,撇開生豆品質不談,烘焙是影響整杯咖啡味道最大的變量。</div> <div> </div> <div> 對我而言,烘焙就是水、火、風這三者結合在一起演變出的味道。</div> <div> </div> <div> 水</div> <div> </div> <div> 很多人也許會有疑問,怎麼會有水,難道烘焙咖啡豆的時候會加水進去?其實是咖啡生豆中所含的水份,正常來講,咖啡豆中的水份大約佔整顆咖啡豆的8-13%,因此經常聽到有烘焙師在相互討論脫水時間多長,或者咖啡豆的水份如何……在整段烘焙的過程中,在150℃-160℃時我們會發現咖啡豆變黃,豆表迅速膨脹,很多人把此階段稱爲‘脫水階段’,但實際上,咖啡豆從下豆,到進入一爆開始,這期間的水份已去除得差不多,這個階段纔是名副其實的‘脫水階段’,而溫度在150℃-160℃這個階段,水分會大幅度被去除,因此會影響著整段烘焙是否夾生,因此我會把它稱爲‘斷生點’。</div> <div> </div> <div> 衆所周知,水分從咖啡豆的表面開始流失,咖啡豆表面的溫度由於烘焙而升高,水分跟著蒸發,而豆子中央的水份則逐漸向豆表移動,這個原理大家可以自己動手做一個試驗,比如拿一杯水,把一張面巾紙放1/3在杯子裏,剩下的2/3放在外面,大家過一會兒就可以看到整張紙全部溼透了。這是一樣的道理,而豆芯中的水分移動到豆表之後,遇到豆表中的熱量纔會蒸發,因此烘焙需要一定的時長,而不是把火開到最大,把咖啡豆炒黑就叫烘焙了。</div> <div> </div> <div> IMG_1021</div> <div> </div> <div> 由於在烘焙時,豆子的豆表和豆芯水分的蒸發情況完全不同,因此有時候烘焙過快的情況下,就很容易讓整顆咖啡豆造成水分不均勻,結果表皮已經玻化,只留下豆芯沒熟,造成澀味和草味較重的咖啡。</div> <div> </div> <div> 因此在烘焙的前期我們會更注重採用‘蒸焙’的方法來進行脫水,也就是在前期5-7分鐘左右的時間(以下所說的數據均爲1-2公斤的烘焙量),讓咖啡生豆的水分更加均勻地分佈在每個角落,一般情況下,採用小風門小火力進行脫水,統一生豆在鍋爐內的狀態,,如果蒸焙時沒有處理好咖啡豆的脫水狀態,會出現烘焙不均勻,並且產生澀味。</div> <div> </div> <div> 當然,所謂的‘脫水’,也並非要把咖啡豆的水分全部去除乾淨,因爲在烘焙的過程中,水分更多作爲導熱介質,因此如果當我們過早的把水分去除乾淨,那麼咖啡豆缺少了水分把熱量傳導到豆芯,也很容易出現夾生,並且風味會較爲平淡。</div> <div> </div> <div> 火</div> <div> </div> <div> 這裏說的火,主要指熱源。熱的來源有直火,有電熱,有紅外線等等,理論上熱源並不會改變太多的味道,但熱源的均勻度會影響咖啡的味道。比如說直火和電熱,直火的優勢在於加熱速率更快,火焰的穿透力高,但鍋爐受熱的均勻度可能沒有電熱的來得好,這勢必會影響到這兩種常見熱源對味道的影響。</div> <div> </div> <div> 當咖啡豆進行完大部分脫水後,也就是在150-160℃左右,整顆豆型會迅速膨脹,豆表顏色變黃,這時候用取樣棒將咖啡豆取出,咖啡豆已經開始有一些甜甜的香氣,這表示咖啡開始進行梅納反應。很多烘焙師會在這裏增加烘焙火力。在這裏其實要處理的就是‘綠原酸’,其實也就是通過火力來處理綠原酸所產生的變化,這與前面對水的處理也是息息相關。</div> <div> </div> <div> 我會習慣把咖啡中的苦分成好的苦和不好的苦,好的苦帶來的感受如巧克力、可可、烤堅果類的苦味,而不好的苦給人的感受如同燒焦木頭,煙燻等等。當我們喝到一杯苦味讓你覺得會甜,並帶著香氣猶如巧克力般的感受時,說明咖啡在烘焙時產生‘綠源酸內酯’,也就是咖啡酸和奎寧酸產生脫水縮合後產生的物質,這是由於綠原酸中的奎寧酸在脫水時少掉一個水分子,因此與咖啡酸結合,產生綠原酸內酯,一般來講,這樣的苦味只在前段脫水時完成度較高的情況下產生。而不好的苦味則來源於咖啡酸所產生的乙烯兒茶酚聚合物,一般會在去除水分失敗的咖啡豆中發現這樣的苦味,在水分去除失敗的情況下,水分子含量較多,因此會產生加水分解的反應,也就是把綠原酸分解成咖啡酸與奎寧酸,咖啡酸本身就會使咖啡變澀,再加上高溫加熱中會產生乙烯兒茶酚聚合物,會使整杯咖啡變得又苦又澀。</div> <div> </div> <div> IMG_1020</div> <div> </div> <div> 而在脫水剛結束的階段,烘焙師就面臨著這樣的選擇,這時候生豆中會留存著少許的水分,使綠原酸面臨著加水分解反應,因此很多烘焙師會在150-160℃時使用較大的火力讓咖啡豆快速通過加水分解區,從而達到脫水縮合的效果。</div> <div> </div> <div> 火力在整段的烘焙過程中調整次數一般不會太多,但每次調整都是烘焙師在咖啡豆內部進行反應時去預判調整,從而讓整杯咖啡擁有更好質感的風味層次。</div> <div> </div> <div> 風</div> <div> </div> <div> 這裏所說的風指的是烘焙機鍋爐內的實際排煙情況,也就是制氣閥的風壓狀況。</div> <div> </div> <div> 烘焙師對於烘焙機的操作,無非就是火力和排氣量的調節,一般來講,我們並不會對火力做太多的調整,反倒是排氣量會有更多的調整。在半直火機中,制氣閥的調整不僅僅用來排煙,還有通過更改制氣閥來控制熱源。</div> <div> </div> <div> 不同的烘焙師會有不同的烘焙手法,有習慣在咖啡豆進入一爆前調小火力的,也有習慣在咖啡豆進入一爆後加大火力的,但不管火力如何調整,制氣閥也會相應進行調整。應該說,制氣閥的調整重要性不亞於火力的調整,但調整的目的更多的是爲了保證鍋爐內的正負壓力平衡,其次是控制熱源的進氣狀況,最後纔是達到有效排煙或排出多餘的水分子。</div> <div> </div> <div> 由於脫水會決定了咖啡豆在鍋爐內的命運,脫完的水分往往會根著制氣閥從排煙管道排出,因此當我們在咖啡豆烘焙至160℃左右時,用手去感受一下此時排出的氣體,會感覺氣體是有點溼潤的,這說明水分正在被排出,我曾經制作一個耐高溫的溼度計放在排煙管道進行測驗,只可惜由於烘焙機的關係,這樣的測驗並未能產生參考價值。</div> <div> </div> <div> 以我個人的烘焙習慣,我會更喜歡使用較大的風量,以追求熱風的穩定度,並且能夠快速脫水。當然,使用較大風量要配合實際火力的情況,這就需要大家根據自己的機器和烘焙習慣去調整制氣閥。</div> <div> </div> <div> 接下來要講一講咖啡烘焙中最重要的兩個反應,焦糖化反應和梅納反應。在很久之前那時候還是貓墅咖啡的公衆號中(現在貓墅咖啡館公衆號更名爲CHAICAFE),我有簡單介紹了什麼是梅納反應,大約在……三年前介紹的吧,那時候其實對梅納反應並沒有太詳細的瞭解,以爲只有咖啡中才會產生梅納反應。後來發現梅納反應發生在有關飲食的各個方面,因此爲了研究梅納反應,這三年來我喫了多少肉,才胖成現在這個樣子。當年還是瘦瘦的我那可是玉樹臨風英俊瀟灑……</div> <div> </div> <div> 焦糖化反應</div> <div> </div> <div> 咖啡豆中的糖份大約在170——200℃進行焦糖化反應,正好是蔗糖熔點(185℃)、咖啡豆烘培時一爆階段的溫度。焦糖化反應的產物分爲兩部份:</div> <div> </div> <div> 1、糖的脫水產物,就是焦糖或醬色</div> <div> </div> <div> 2、裂解產物,主要是一些揮發性的醛與酮。</div> <div> </div> <div> 總的來說,在焦糖化反應中產生了火烤的香味、焦糖與顏色,也產生了其他芳香性的物質如麥芽醇、Cyclotene、呋喃類化合物等等,這些化合物也可以在紅酒、果汁、奶油等食物中發現。</div> <div> </div> <div> 不過如果在烘培的過程中焦糖化過頭並不是件好事,反而會造成碳化,使咖啡燥苦絞喉。如果焦糖化不足則會使得香氣單調乏味缺少層次。</div> <div> </div> <div> IMG_1019</div> <div> </div> <div> 梅納反應</div> <div> </div> <div> 烘培咖啡豆特有的香味,其中帶有植物纖維燃燒的青藍色煙焦味、奶油乳黃色的甜香、烤麪包棕褐色的麪包香等等各種味道集結在一起。這些豐富的味道大部來自於烘培時的梅納反應。</div> <div> </div> <div> 梅納反應可以分成三個階段</div> <div> </div> <div> 一、初期:</div> <div> </div> <div> 羰胺縮合Amadori分子重排</div> <div> </div> <div> 二、中期:</div> <div> </div> <div> Amadori分子重排產物果糖胺脫水成HMF(hydroxymethylfurfural)</div> <div> </div> <div> 果糖胺脫去氨基成還原酮</div> <div> </div> <div> 氨基酸與二羰基化合物的作用</div> <div> </div> <div> 三、末期:</div> <div> </div> <div> 醇醛縮合</div> <div> </div> <div> 生成黑色素的聚合反應</div> <div> </div> <div> IMG_1018</div> <div> </div> <div> (以上是Hodge提出的反應歷程,也是目前使用最廣的版本)</div> <div> </div> <div> 以上資料在網絡上找的,所以先直接先說結論吧!兩者都屬褐變反應,差異在於:</div> <div> </div> <div> 焦糖化:“糖”受熱後分子瓦解的過程</div> <div> </div> <div> 梅納反應:“糖或澱粉”與含有“蛋白質或氨基酸”等成份食材一起烹煮纔會產生,如炒洋蔥、烤麪包與煎牛排呈現的色澤與香氣。</div> <div> </div> <div> 焦糖化vs. 梅納反應到底怎麼發生?</div> <div> </div> <div> 常有人說焦化洋蔥是“焦糖化”(caramelization),但其實只有單純含糖的食材纔會發生焦糖化,蔗糖加熱到約華氏365 度(攝氏185 度)會溶解成透明液體,若繼續加熱顏色就會變黃,變淺褐色直到深褐色,最後甚至變成黑碳,那是糖脫水的過程。而且糖平常聞起來是沒有味道的,直到加熱,分子就開始瓦解散發出美妙而風味複雜的揮發性分子,併產生酸味、苦味,顏色越深,味道越苦。</div> <div> </div> <div> IMG_1017IMG_1016</div> <div> </div> <div> 如果當糖與蛋白質或氨基酸等一起烹煮,就會發生梅納反應(maillard reaction),或稱美拉德反應。含糖食材除了焦糖化,部份糖份會和後者交互發生一系列化學反應,產生更多樣化的化合物,簡而言之就是風味比焦糖化更豐富,不僅僅咖啡豆,巧克力、楓糖漿、釀造啤酒等都是梅納反應的成品。</div> <div> </div> <div> 焦糖化與梅納反應各會產生以下香氣:</div> <div> </div> <div> —焦糖化:甜、酸味、苦、果香、雪利酒般的氣味、奶油糖、焦糖、堅果</div> <div> </div> <div> —梅納反應:香鹹、花香、洋蔥味與肉香、綠色蔬菜、巧克力、馬鈴薯與泥土味、上述焦糖化的香味</div> <div> </div> <div> 也就是說,兩者是會同時發生的。然而焦糖化與梅納反應複雜的化學作用尚未被科學家徹底破解,許多風味十足的化合物還無法完全辨識。</div> <div> </div> <div> 梅納反應怎麼被發現?</div> <div> </div> <div> 法國化學家louis-camillemaillard 在1912 年時發現梅納反應,原先他只是要研究氨基酸怎麼和蛋白質連結,卻發現當他同時加熱糖和氨基酸時,混合物漸漸變成褐色。但事實上,1940 年代前,科學家並不知道梅納反應會產生各種風味。二戰時,許多士兵抱怨蛋的替代品——蛋粉煮熟後變爲棕色並散發不悅氣味,經過無數研究,科學家找出那倒胃口的味道來自於褐化反應,蛋粉雖已脫水且儲存於室溫,但氨基酸與糖的濃度仍足以引發變化。</div> <div> </div> <div> 後來食品加工業興起,欲避免加工食物過度反應產生不佳風味,多數研究結果便在該背景下約1940、1950 年代時完成,科學家也才確認梅納反應會產生特殊“味道”與“氣味” ,其中最完整的研究報告爲John E.Hodge 所做,這裏有片段資訊可以參考,然而,至今尚有一連串謎題未解。</div> <div> </div> <div> 產生梅納反應的條件</div> <div> </div> <div> 你已知道梅納反應是因爲加熱後糖與氨基酸、蛋白質產生變化,也是誘人美味的來源,成功創造梅納反應的基本條件有:</div> <div> </div> <div> —蛋白質</div> <div> </div> <div> —還原糖:葡萄糖、果糖、麥芽糖、乳糖等</div> <div> </div> <div> —高溫</div> <div> </div> <div> —保持乾燥無水份</div> <div> </div> <div> —鹼性物質能加快反應(非必要)</div> <div> </div> <div> 舉個實例吧,一般焦糖醬與牛奶焦糖醬(dulce de leche) 恰好能清楚分出焦糖化與梅納反應的不同,前者將糖熬煮至焦化熄火後,最後倒入鮮奶油或奶油等乳製品;後者則以小火慢煮煉乳數小時,因一開始加熱就已含有蛋白質,且烹調溫度也低於焦糖,嘗來各有風味。</div> <div> </div> <div> 由於蔗糖並非還原糖,雖不會直接造成梅納反應,但在烹煮過程中它會分解爲葡萄糖與果糖,所以不用擔心非得加上還原糖。</div> <div> </div> <div> 梅納褐變發生的溫度是多少?約攝氏118 度。也就是說,在咖啡豆開始烘焙時,就開始發生梅納反應,也就是由於梅納反應,在咖啡烘焙的過程中才能產生如此豐富的風味,應該說,整個咖啡的烘焙都圍繞著如何使梅納反應產生更好的風味。</div> </li> <li style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; zoom: 1; list-style: none; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 18px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: url(https://coffeemecca.jp/wp-content/themes/coffee/images/coffeelist.png); background-size: 0.8em; background-attachment: scroll; background-color: transparent; background-position: 4px 3px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;"> <div style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; zoom: 1;"> </div> </li> <li style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; zoom: 1; list-style: none; 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\'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro\', メイリオ, Meiryo, \'MS Pゴシック\', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; width: auto;"> </h2> <p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; outline: 0px; zoom: 1; text-indent: 2em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 1.7; font-size: 16px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, 黑體, Arial;"> </p> ' |
tag | '咖啡,烘焙,過程,反應,分析,中的,梅納,糖化,應有,什麼,' |
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'https://gafei.com/list-huashikafei.html', 'total' => 40, 'field' => array ( ), ), 670 => array ( 'id' => '670', 'pid' => '4', 'pids' => '0,4', 'name' => '愛爾蘭咖啡', 'dirname' => 'aierlankafei', 'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 670, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '愛爾蘭咖啡_愛爾蘭咖啡的做法_愛爾蘭咖啡的故事', 'list_keywords' => '愛爾蘭咖啡的故事', 'list_description' => '愛爾蘭咖啡並不是傳統意義上的咖啡。愛爾蘭咖啡可以代表愛爾蘭人追求自由的精神。愛爾蘭咖啡名字裏就帶著一陣威士忌濃烈的薰香,愛爾蘭人視威士忌如生命,也少不了在咖啡中做些手腳!以威士忌調成的愛爾蘭咖啡,更能將咖啡的酸甜味道襯托出來,讓你在品味咖啡的同時感受到酒精的濃烈。一杯愛爾蘭咖啡就像冬晨冉冉升起的太陽', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '14', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '4', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '670', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-aierlankafei.html', 'total' => 14, 'field' => array ( ), ), 671 => array ( 'id' => '671', 'pid' => '4', 'pids' => '0,4', 'name' => '炭燒咖啡', 'dirname' => 'tanshaokafei', 'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 671, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '炭燒咖啡_碳燒咖啡_藍山炭燒咖啡多少錢', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '碳燒咖啡,又名苦咖啡,是指烘焙咖啡的火源是用碳火,有時還採用特殊木材作爲燃料,碳燒咖啡的起源是據說是日本所研發的口味,用碳火所烘烤出來的咖啡豆會帶有木香味,而不是碳燒味。而純粹的重焙造就了這種碳燒咖啡獨特的口味,其香味特殊,甘,醇,濃郁,極苦。', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '8', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '4', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '671', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-tanshaokafei.html', 'total' => 8, 'field' => array ( ), ), 672 => array ( 'id' => '672', 'pid' => '4', 'pids' => '0,4', 'name' => '冷萃咖啡', 'dirname' => 'lingcuikafei', 'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 672, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '冷萃咖啡_冷泡咖啡_冰釀咖啡_星巴克冷萃咖啡', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '冷萃咖啡Cold Brew Coffee就是用冷水浸泡咖啡粉12小時以上進行萃取再過濾,類似冷泡茶的做法。極端一點的,採用冰水混合物浸泡咖啡(冰滴就是這個原理,冰塊融化滴入咖啡粉,要滴一天),或者時間延長至48小時。', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '40', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '4', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '672', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-lingcuikafei.html', 'total' => 40, 'field' => array ( ), ), 673 => array ( 'id' => '673', 'pid' => '4', 'pids' => '0,4', 'name' => '咖啡培訓', 'dirname' => 'kafeipeixun', 'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 673, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '咖啡培訓_咖啡師培訓_咖啡學院_最好的咖啡學校', 'list_keywords' => '咖啡培訓_咖啡師培訓_咖啡學院_最好的咖啡學校', 'list_description' => '咖啡師的入行門檻低,待遇亦不錯,“而且咖啡是僅次於石油的第二大貿易商品,咖啡因此也被稱爲‘黑金’(Black Gold),全世界都有咖啡店,大家也喜愛咖啡,擁有這門專業的話,去哪裏工作都可以呀', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '38', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '4', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '673', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-kafeipeixun.html', 'total' => 38, 'field' => array ( ), ), ) |
urlrule | '/views-115570-[page].html' |
fix_html_now_url | '' |
my_web_url | 'https://www.world.gafei.com/hongbeizhishi/20180203115570.html' |
get | array ( 's' => 'article', 'c' => 'show', 'id' => '115570', 'm' => 'index', ) |
App.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/App.php |
Autoload.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Autoload.php |
Cache.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Cache.php |
Cache.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Cache.php |
CodeIgniter.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/CodeIgniter.php |
Constants.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Constants.php |
Content.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Model/Content.php |
ContentSecurityPolicy.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/ContentSecurityPolicy.php |
Cookie.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Cookie.php |
Database.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Database.php |
Date.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Date.php |
Exceptions.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Exceptions.php |
Exceptions.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/Exceptions.php |
Field.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Field.php |
File.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/File.php |
Filters.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Filters.php |
Helper.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Helper.php |
Hooks.php | FCPATH/App/Bdts/Config/Hooks.php |
Hooks.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Hooks.php |
Image.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Image.php |
Init.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Init.php |
Input.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Input.php |
Kint.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Kint.php |
Lang.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Lang.php |
Logger.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Logger.php |
Member.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Model/Member.php |
Model.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Model.php |
Module.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/Home/Module.php |
Modules.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Modules.php |
Paths.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Paths.php |
Phpcmf.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Phpcmf.php |
Request.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/Request.php |
Router.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Router.php |
Router.php | FCPATH/My/Library/Router.php |
Routes.php | APPPATH/Config/Routes.php |
Routes.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Routes.php |
Security.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Security.php |
Seo.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Seo.php |
Service.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Service.php |
Services.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Services.php |
Show.php | APPPATH/Controllers/Show.php |
Text.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Text.php |
Textarea.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Textarea.php |
Toolbar.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Toolbar.php |
Ueditor.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Ueditor.php |
UserAgents.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/UserAgents.php |
Version.php | FCPATH/My/Config/Version.php |
View.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/View.php |
View.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/View.php |
View.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/View.php |
_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_1.htm.cache.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/template/_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_1.htm.cache.php |
_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_2.htm.cache.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/template/_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_2.htm.cache.php |
_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_show.html.cache.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/template/_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_show.html.cache.php |
cache.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/cache.php |
custom.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/custom.php |
database.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/database.php |
domain_app.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/domain_app.php |
domain_client.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/domain_client.php |
hooks.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/hooks.php |
index.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/hk/index.php |
lang.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/hk/api/language/zh-cn/lang.php |
memcached.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/memcached.php |
redis.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/redis.php |
rewrite.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/rewrite.php |
site.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/site.php |
system.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/system.php |
AutoloadConfig.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/AutoloadConfig.php |
Autoloader.php | SYSTEMPATH/Autoloader/Autoloader.php |
BaseBuilder.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseBuilder.php |
BaseCollector.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/BaseCollector.php |
BaseConfig.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/BaseConfig.php |
BaseConnection.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseConnection.php |
BaseHandler.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/Handlers/BaseHandler.php |
BaseHandler.php | SYSTEMPATH/Log/Handlers/BaseHandler.php |
BaseResult.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseResult.php |
BaseService.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/BaseService.php |
Builder.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Builder.php |
CacheFactory.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/CacheFactory.php |
CacheInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/CacheInterface.php |
CliRenderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/CliRenderer.php |
CloneableCookieInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CloneableCookieInterface.php |
CodeIgniter.php | SYSTEMPATH/CodeIgniter.php |
Common.php | SYSTEMPATH/Common.php |
Config.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Config.php |
Config.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/Config.php |
Connection.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Connection.php |
ConnectionInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/ConnectionInterface.php |
ContentSecurityPolicy.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ContentSecurityPolicy.php |
Controller.php | SYSTEMPATH/Controller.php |
Cookie.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/Cookie.php |
CookieInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CookieInterface.php |
CookieStore.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CookieStore.php |
Database.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/Database.php |
Database.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Database.php |
DebugToolbar.php | SYSTEMPATH/Filters/DebugToolbar.php |
DotEnv.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/DotEnv.php |
Escaper.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Escaper/Escaper.php |
Events.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Events.php |
Events.php | SYSTEMPATH/Events/Events.php |
Exceptions.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Exceptions.php |
Factories.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Factories.php |
Factory.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Factory.php |
FileHandler.php | SYSTEMPATH/Log/Handlers/FileHandler.php |
FileLocator.php | SYSTEMPATH/Autoloader/FileLocator.php |
Files.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Files.php |
FilterInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Filters/FilterInterface.php |
Filters.php | SYSTEMPATH/Filters/Filters.php |
HandlerInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Log/Handlers/HandlerInterface.php |
Header.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Header.php |
IncomingRequest.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/IncomingRequest.php |
Kint.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Kint.php |
Logger.php | SYSTEMPATH/Log/Logger.php |
LoggerInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/PSR/Log/LoggerInterface.php |
Logs.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Logs.php |
Message.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Message.php |
MessageInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/MessageInterface.php |
MessageTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/MessageTrait.php |
Modules.php | SYSTEMPATH/Modules/Modules.php |
Query.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/Query.php |
QueryInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/QueryInterface.php |
RedisHandler.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/Handlers/RedisHandler.php |
Renderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/Renderer.php |
RendererInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/View/RendererInterface.php |
Request.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Request.php |
RequestInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/RequestInterface.php |
RequestTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/RequestTrait.php |
Response.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Response.php |
ResponseInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ResponseInterface.php |
ResponseTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/API/ResponseTrait.php |
ResponseTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ResponseTrait.php |
Result.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Result.php |
ResultInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/ResultInterface.php |
RichRenderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/RichRenderer.php |
RouteCollection.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouteCollection.php |
RouteCollectionInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouteCollectionInterface.php |
Router.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/Router.php |
RouterInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouterInterface.php |
Routes.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Routes.php |
Routes.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Routes.php |
Services.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Services.php |
TextRenderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/TextRenderer.php |
Timer.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Timer.php |
Timers.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Timers.php |
Toolbar.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar.php |
URI.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/URI.php |
UserAgent.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/UserAgent.php |
Utils.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Utils.php |
View.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/View.php |
View.php | SYSTEMPATH/View/View.php |
Views.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Views.php |
init.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/init.php |
init_helpers.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/init_helpers.php |
url_helper.php | SYSTEMPATH/Helpers/url_helper.php |
Directory: | |
Controller: | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show |
Method: | index |
Params: | 0 / 0 |
Method | Route | Handler |
---|---|---|
GET | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
HEAD | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
POST | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
PUT | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
DELETE | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
OPTIONS | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
TRACE | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
CONNECT | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
CLI | migrations/([^/]+)/([^/]+) | \CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::$1/$2 |
CLI | migrations/([^/]+) | \CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::$1 |
CLI | migrations | \CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::index |
CLI | ci(.*) | \CodeIgniter\CLI\CommandRunner::index/$1 |
CLI | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
Time | Event Name | Times Called |
---|---|---|
6.20 ms | pre_system | 1 |
0.08 ms | dbquery | 9 |
Action | Datetime | Status | Method | URL | Content-Type | Is AJAX? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2025-08-27 15:10:00 | 200 | GET | https://www.world.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-08-27 15:09:58 | 200 | GET | https://www.world.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-08-27 15:09:57 | 200 | GET | https://gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-08-27 15:09:56 | 200 | GET | https://www.world.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-08-27 15:09:55 | 200 | GET | https://288.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-08-27 15:09:54 | 200 | GET | https://gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-08-27 15:09:53 | 200 | GET | https://gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-08-27 15:09:52 | 200 | GET | https://cheam.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-08-27 15:09:51 | 200 | GET | https://madmin.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-08-27 15:09:48 | 200 | GET | https://gf.coffeecdn.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-08-27 15:09:47 | 200 | GET | https://tklrhkltvnjmkcummn.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-08-27 15:09:46 | 200 | GET | https://gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-08-27 15:09:45 | 200 | GET | https://gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
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From | googlebot(at)googlebot.com |
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Connection | keep-alive |
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Host | www.world.gafei.com |
Accept-Encoding | gzip, deflate, br |
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From | googlebot(at)googlebot.com |
Accept | text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/signed-exchange;v=b3,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 |
Connection | keep-alive |
Amp-Cache-Transform | google;v="1..8" |
Host | www.world.gafei.com |
CodeIgniter Version: | 4.1.4 |
PHP Version: | 8.0.25 |
PHP SAPI: | fpm-fcgi |
Environment: | development |
Base URL: | https://www.world.gafei.com/ |
Timezone: | PRC |
Locale: | en |
Content Security Policy Enabled: | No |