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'<div>
據路透社非洲分部近期發佈的一份報告中說,洪都拉斯農業部領導人計劃將全國8%的咖啡莊園改種可可。</div>
<div>
此消息源於該國經濟發展部和國家咖啡協會ihcafe向路透社透露，該國經濟發展部部長Alden Rivera指出，由於諸多咖啡莊園受特別嚴重的葉鏽病災害影響，如果不轉型種植可可，明年甚至幾年都將會殃及20000公頃的咖啡種植區的經濟收成。</div>
<div>
由於葉鏽病災害的影響，洪都拉斯國內小型咖啡莊園農收成受到嚴重影響。該國已經爲整個中美兄弟國家促進咖啡生產重量做出了巨大貢獻。根據美國國家農業部發布的咖啡有關報告中，特別提出在本次咖啡作物年（本年度收成），洪都拉斯將創5百90萬袋的咖啡生豆產量新紀錄。美國農業部還指出，洪都拉斯在2015-2016年度的咖啡總出口量將首次超越印度尼西亞，因爲該國已成功研製成功可以抗葉鏽病的新型咖啡樹種，而且今年將迎來首次採摘豐收。</div>
<div>
洪都拉斯政府採取的這一次農業轉型政策與咖啡生豆市場創18個月以來新低有着密切的關係。很多期貨分析師預測，近期許多主要咖啡生產國的股票將會上漲價格上漲，但這只是預測。截至本書，最新的期貨咖啡價格爲1.1705美元。</div>
<div>
<img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/160714/3-160G4113SaN.jpg" style="width: 500px; height: 377px;" /></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
漿果爲大家普及一下什麼是咖啡葉鏽病。</div>
<div>
咖啡葉鏽病，英文Coffee Leaf Rust。破壞性最大的咖啡樹疾病，爲咖啡駝孢鏽菌（Hemileia vastatrix）所致。此病在非洲、近東及印度、亞洲、澳大拉西亞（Australasia）等生產咖啡的地區發生已久，1970年首次出現於西半球，發現於巴西。斯里蘭卡及爪哇一度興旺的咖啡種植園即毀於該病。症狀爲葉表面出現黃色小油斑，後擴大成鮮橙色至紅色圓斑，最後轉褐色，具黃色邊緣。鏽菌孢子堆位於葉下表面，橙黃色，後轉黑色。病葉下垂，逐漸脫落，數年內植株即死亡。控制方法爲於潮溼季節及時噴殺真菌劑；某些地區的種植園已遷移至海拔1800～2100公尺（6000～7000呎）較涼爽的地方，在該處鏽菌不易繁殖。施行檢疫亦減少遠距離播散的機會。</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
其實此病是可以預防的。只要向咖啡農普及預防知識，就不會得此病。</div>
<div>
①咖啡園應適當種植廕庇樹；</div>
<div>
②充分利用防風林的生態效應；</div>
<div>
③合理密植；</div>
<div>
④搞好園間衛生；</div>
<div>
⑤合理施肥；</div>
<div>
⑥選種抗病品種。</div>
<div>
除此之外，還可以化學防治：現時用於防治咖啡鏽病的農藥主要有含銅殺菌劑和內吸性殺菌劑。含銅殺菌劑中以0.5%鹼性或中性波爾多液最爲普遍；其次是50%氧化亞銅可溼性粉劑，使用濃度爲0.35%～0.7%；50%氫氧化銅可溼性粉劑，使用濃度爲0.35%。</div>
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