4.1.4

'4930'

'2'

'淺談咖啡豆'

''

'咖啡豆,咖啡豆歷史,咖啡豆用途'

'1.概述：咖啡是茜草科，咖啡屬的多年生常綠灌木或小喬木。原產於非洲熱帶地區，已有2000多年的栽培歷史。公元前525年阿拉伯人已開始種咖啡，阿拉伯人盛行炒食咖啡豆，15世紀以後開始大規模種植，18世紀後廣泛分佈於歐洲、亞洲、非洲、拉丁美洲的熱帶、亞熱帶'

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'2014-07-02 11:37:41'

'2014-07-02 11:39:11'

'4926'

''

''

''

''

''

''

''

''

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''

''

''

NULL

'<p>
	1.概述：咖啡是茜草科，咖啡屬的多年生常綠灌木或小喬木。原產於非洲熱帶地區，已有2000多年的栽培歷史。公元前525年阿拉伯人已開始種咖啡，阿拉伯人盛行炒食咖啡豆，15世紀以後開始大規模種植，18世紀後廣泛分佈於歐洲、亞洲、非洲、拉丁美洲的熱帶、亞熱帶地區，併成爲世界三大飲料作物之首。</p>
<p>
	2.用途：咖啡豆是製作飲料的重要原料，咖啡飲料在世界各地廣爲飲用，並深受人們喜愛。咖啡豆還是醫藥原料，可提取咖啡鹼，用作麻醉劑、利尿劑、興奮劑、強心劑。</p>
<p>
	3.加工：</p>
<p>
	(1)乾製法：此法簡單，一般可用曬乾法或電烘箱乾燥，乾燥後用脫殼和脫去果皮、種殼，篩除雜質，即可得到商品咖啡豆。</p>
<p>
	(2)溼製法：多數種植區採用此法，獲得的咖啡品質較好，加工程序如下：</p>
<p>
	鮮果&rarr;洗果池水洗&rarr;脫皮機脫皮&rarr;發酵池發酵&rarr;洗果池洗淨粘液&rarr;曬乾(或烘乾)&rarr;脫皮機脫去種殼&rarr;商品咖啡豆。</p>
<p>
	發酵時間依種類及氣溫不同而異。小粒種一般1～1.5天，中粒種1.5～2天。發酵時間過長，帶酸味;過短，脫膠不全，不易曬乾，色澤不好。</p>
<p>
	4.產銷情況：咖啡的產量、消費量、產值都居世界三大飲料作物之首。其生產主要集中在南美洲、中美洲、非洲、亞洲和大洋洲。這些主要生產國均有出口，以中南美洲出口量最多。美國是最大的咖啡進口國，其次爲日本、意大利、加拿大、瑞典、奧地利、瑞士、新加坡、芬蘭、挪威等國。</p>
<p>
	世界咖啡貿易產品有生咖啡豆、炒咖啡豆、磨碎咖啡、速溶咖啡，以生咖啡豆爲主。</p>
<p>
	我國自1884年開始在臺灣引種咖啡，現在海南、廣東、福建、廣西、雲南等地有栽培，年產量約2600多噸，國內消費主要依靠進口，年進口咖啡豆約12000多噸，咖啡製品約700～800噸，主要從巴西、哥倫比亞、肯尼亞、埃塞俄比亞等國進口。我國咖啡也有少量出口，年出口量約2000多噸。</p>
<p>
	5.果實及種子的形態、結構：果實爲漿果，橢園形，長9～14mm。成熟時呈紅色、紫紅色。每個果實一般有種子二粒，呈扁圓形，有一條縱溝。果實包括外果皮、中果皮、內果皮(種殼)、種皮、種仁(胚乳)。種皮的顏色與厚度是區分品種的特徵之一。去種皮的種仁即市場上的商品咖啡豆。</p>
<p>
	6.主要栽培品種：</p>
<p>
	(1)阿拉伯種，即小粒種。原產埃塞俄比亞，常綠小灌木，果仁較小，果皮較厚，果肉甜，產品香醇，含咖啡鹼成分較低，故又稱淡咖啡，是世界主要栽培品種，種植面積和產量分別佔世界咖啡總產量及總面積的82%、80%以上，主要產地爲巴西、哥倫比亞。</p>
<p>
	(2)羅巴斯達種，又稱甘弗拉種，即中粒種。原產非洲剛果熱帶雨林，常綠小喬木。果實爲扁圓形或橢圓形。成熟時爲紫色，種皮較薄，緊貼種仁，不易分離。飲用味濃而香，咖啡鹼含量較高，刺激性較強。栽培面積僅次於小粒種，主要產區爲東南亞、印度、非洲。</p>
<p>
	(3)利比里亞種，即大粒種。原產非洲利比里亞，常綠喬木，果實大，長圓形。種皮緊貼種仁，成熟時爲硃紅色。飲用風味濃烈，咖啡鹼含量中等，刺激性強，品質較差。栽培面積較小，分佈於利比里亞、馬來西亞、印度、印度尼西亞。</p>
<p>
	(4)埃塞爾薩種。原產非洲的查理河流域，果小，產品味香濃烈，稍帶苦味，栽培很少。</p>
<p>
	世界咖啡市場以中、小粒種佔統治地位，其中又以小粒種居優勢。</p>
<p>
	7.質量規格：進口咖啡豆合同的質量規格：見表1―6―1。</p>
<p>
	表1―6―1進口咖啡豆合同的質量標準</p>
'

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'淺談咖啡豆_咖啡資訊_咖啡新聞_中國咖啡網'

'咖啡豆,咖啡豆歷史,咖啡豆用途'

'1.概述：咖啡是茜草科，咖啡屬的多年生常綠灌木或小喬木。原產於非洲熱帶地區，已有2000多年的栽培歷史。公元前525年阿拉伯人已開始種咖啡，阿拉伯人盛行炒食咖啡豆，15世紀以後開始大規模種植，18世紀後廣泛分佈於歐洲、亞洲、非洲、拉丁美洲的熱帶、亞熱帶'

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  's' => 'article',
  'c' => 'show',
  'id' => '4930',
  'm' => 'index',
)